Preface |
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xxiii | |
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PART ONE Founding the New Nation c. 33,000 B.C.--A.D. 1783 |
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2 | (162) |
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New World Beginnings 33,000 B.C.--A.D. 1769 |
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4 | (21) |
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The geology of the New World |
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Native Americans before Columbus |
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Columbus and the early explorers |
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The ecological consequences of Columbus's discovery |
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Spain builds a New World empire |
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Examining the Evidence Making Sense of the New World |
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7 | (11) |
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Makers of America The Spanish Conquistadores |
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18 | (7) |
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The Planting of English America 1500--1733 |
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25 | (18) |
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England on the eve of empire |
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The expansion of Elizabethan England |
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The planting of Jamestown, 1607 |
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English settlers and Native Americans |
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The growth of Virginia and Maryland |
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Settling the Carolinas and Georgia |
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Makers of America The Iroquois |
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40 | (3) |
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Settling the Northern Colonies 1619--1700 |
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43 | (23) |
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The Puritan commonwealth of Massachusetts Bay Colony, 1630 |
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Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire |
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The Confederation and Dominion of New England, 1686-1689 |
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New Netherland becomes New York |
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Pennsylvania, the Quaker colony |
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Makers of America The English |
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50 | (11) |
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Examining the Evidence A Seventeenth-Century Valuables Cabinet |
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61 | (3) |
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Varying Viewpoints Europeanizing America or Americanizing Europe? |
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64 | (2) |
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American Life in the Seventeenth Century 1607--1692 |
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66 | (18) |
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Life and labor in the Chesapeake tobacco region |
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Indentured servants and Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia, 1676 |
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The Salem witchcraft trials, 1692 |
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Daily life in the colonies |
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Examining the Evidence An Indentured Servant's Contract |
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69 | (5) |
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Makers of America From African to African American |
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74 | (10) |
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Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution 1700--1775 |
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84 | (22) |
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Immigration and population growth |
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Colonial social structure |
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The Great Awakening of the 1730s |
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Makers of America The Scots-Irish |
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86 | (18) |
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Varying Viewpoints Colonial America: Communities of Conflict or Consensus? |
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104 | (2) |
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The Duel for North America 1608--1763 |
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106 | (16) |
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Anglo-French colonial rivalries |
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Europe, America, and the first world wars |
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Pontiac's Uprising and the Proclamation of 1763 |
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Makers of America The French |
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116 | (6) |
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The Road to Revolution 1763--1775 |
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122 | (18) |
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The merits and menace of mercantilism |
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The Stamp Act crisis, 1765 |
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The Boston Tea Party, 1773 |
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The Intolerable Acts and the Continental Congress, 1774 |
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Lexington, Concord, and the gathering clouds of war, 1775 |
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America Secedes from the Empire 1775--1783 |
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140 | (24) |
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American ``republicanism'' |
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The Declaration of Independence, 1776 |
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The French alliance, 1778 |
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Examining the Evidence A Revolution for Women? Abigail Adams Chides Her Husband, 1776 |
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147 | (1) |
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Makers of America The Loyalists |
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148 | (14) |
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Varying Viewpoints Whose Revolution? |
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162 | (2) |
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PART TWO Building the New Nation 1776--1860 |
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164 | (184) |
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The Confederation and the Constitution 1776--1790 |
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166 | (24) |
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Changing political sentiments |
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The new state constitutions |
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The Articles of Confederation, 1781--1788 |
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The Northwest Ordinance, 1787 |
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The Constitutional Convention, 1787 |
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Ratifying the Constitution, 1787--1790 |
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Examining the Evidence Copley Family Portrait, c. 1776--1777 |
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169 | (19) |
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Varying Viewpoints The Constitution: Revolutionary or Counterrevolutionary? |
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188 | (2) |
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Launching the New Ship of State 1789--1800 |
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190 | (21) |
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Problems of the young Republic |
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The first presidency, 1789--1793 |
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Hamilton's economic policies |
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The emergence of political parties |
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The impact of the French Revolution |
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Jay's Treaty, 1794, and Washington's farewell, 1797 |
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President Adams keeps the peace |
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The Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798 |
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Federalists versus Republicans |
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The Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic 1800--1812 |
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211 | (22) |
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The ``Revolution of 1800'' |
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John Marshall and the Supreme Court |
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The Louisiana Purchase, 1803 |
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Madison gambles with Napoleon |
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Examining the Evidence The Thomas Jefferson-Sally Hemings Controversy |
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213 | (20) |
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The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism 1812--1824 |
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233 | (23) |
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The Treaty of Ghent, 1814 |
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The Hartford Convention, 1814--1815 |
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James Monroe and the Era of Good Feelings |
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The Missouri Compromise, 1820 |
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The Supreme Court under John Marshall |
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The Monroe Doctrine, 1823 |
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Makers of America Settlers of the Old Northwest |
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244 | (12) |
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The Rise of a Mass Democracy 1824--1840 |
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256 | (31) |
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The ``corrupt bargain'' of 1824 |
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President John Quincy Adams, 1825--1829 |
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The triumph of Andrew Jackson, 1828 |
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The ``Tariff of Abominations,'' 1828 |
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The South Carolina nullification crisis, 1832--1833 |
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The removal of the Indians from the Southeast |
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Jackson's war on the Bank of the United States |
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The emergence of the Whig party, 1836 |
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Martin Van Buren in the White House, 1837--1841 |
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William Henry Harrison's ``log cabin'' campaign, 1840 |
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Mass democracy and the two-party system |
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Examining the Evidence Satiric Bank Note, 1837 |
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273 | (5) |
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Makers of America Mexican or Texican? |
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278 | (7) |
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Varying Viewpoints What Was Jacksonian Democracy? |
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285 | (2) |
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Forging the National Economy 1790--1860 |
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287 | (33) |
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The Irish and the Germans |
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Nativism and assimilation |
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The coming of the factory system |
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The ripening of commercial agriculture |
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The transportation revolution |
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Makers of America The Irish |
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294 | (4) |
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Makers of America The Germans |
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298 | (7) |
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Examining the Evidence The Invention of the Sewing Machine |
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305 | (15) |
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The Ferment of Reform and Culture 1790--1860 |
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320 | (28) |
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Women's roles and women's rights |
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Science, art, and culture |
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Examining the Evidence Dress as Reform |
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333 | (3) |
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Makers of America The Oneida Community |
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336 | (10) |
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Varying Viewpoints Reform: Who? What? How? and Why? |
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346 | (2) |
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PART THREE Testing the New Nation 1820--1877 |
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348 | (154) |
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The South and the Slavery Controversy 1793--1860 |
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350 | (21) |
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The economy of the Cotton Kingdom |
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Southern social structure |
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Poor whites and free blacks |
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The white Southern response |
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Abolition and the Northern conscience |
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Examining the Evidence Bellegrove Plantation, Donaldsville, Louisiana, Built 1857 |
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363 | (6) |
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Varying Viewpoints What Was the True Nature of Slavery? |
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369 | (2) |
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Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy 1841--1848 |
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371 | (19) |
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``Tyler Too'' becomes president, 1841 |
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Fixing the Maine boundary, 1842 |
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The annexation of Texas, 1845 |
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James K. Polk, the ``dark horse'' of 1844 |
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War with Mexico, 1846--1848 |
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Makers of America The Californios |
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386 | (4) |
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Renewing the Sectional Struggle 1848--1854 |
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390 | (19) |
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Zachary Taylor and California statehood |
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President Pierce and expansion, 1853--1857 |
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Senator Douglas and the Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 |
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Drifting Toward Disunion 1854--1861 |
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409 | (25) |
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Uncle Tom's Cabin and the spread of abolitionist sentiment in the North |
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The election of James Buchanan, 1856 |
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The Dred Scott case, 1857 |
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The financial panic of 1857 |
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The Lincoln-Douglas debates, 1858 |
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John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, 1859 |
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Lincoln and Republican victory, 1860 |
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Examining the Evidence Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom's Cabin |
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411 | (21) |
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Varying Viewpoints The Civil War: Repressible or Irrepressible? |
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432 | (2) |
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Girding for War: The North and the South 1861--1865 |
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434 | (19) |
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The attack on Fort Sumter, April 1861 |
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The crucial border states |
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The threat of European intervention |
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The importance of diplomacy |
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Lincoln and civil liberties |
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Financing the Blue and the Gray |
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The economic impact of the war |
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Makers of America Billy Yank and Johnny Reb |
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440 | (13) |
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The Furnace of Civil War 1861--1865 |
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453 | (26) |
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Bull Run ends the ``ninety-day war'' |
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The Union wages total war |
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The Emancipation Proclamation, 1863 |
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Confederate high tide at Gettysburg |
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Sherman marches through Georgia |
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The assassination of Lincoln, April 1865 |
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Examining the Evidence Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address |
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465 | (13) |
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Varying Viewpoints What Were the Consequences of the Civil War? |
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478 | (1) |
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The Ordeal of Reconstruction 1865--1877 |
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479 | (23) |
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President Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction policies |
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Congressional Reconstruction policies |
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Johnson clashes with Congress |
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Military Reconstruction, 1867--1877 |
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Freed people enter politics |
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``Black Reconstruction'' and the Ku Klux Klan |
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The impeachment of Andrew Johnson |
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The legacy of Reconstruction |
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Examining the Evidence Letter from a Freedman to His Old Master, 1865 |
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483 | (17) |
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Varying Viewpoints How Radical Was Reconstruction? |
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500 | (2) |
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PART FOUR Forging an Industrial Society 1869--1909 |
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502 | (152) |
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Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age 1869-1896 |
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504 | (26) |
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Ulysses S. Grant, soldier-president |
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Corruption and reform in the post-Civil War era |
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The depression of the 1870s |
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Political parties and partisans |
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The Compromise of 1877 and the end of Reconstruction |
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The emergence of Jim Crow |
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Class conflict and ethnic clashes |
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Grover Cleveland and the tariff |
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Benjamin Harrison and the ``Billion Dollar Congress'' |
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Makers of America The Chinese |
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516 | (13) |
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Varying Viewpoints The Populists: Radicals or Reactionaries? |
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529 | (1) |
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Industry Comes of Age 1865--1900 |
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530 | (28) |
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Speculators and financiers |
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Early efforts at government regulation |
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Examining the Evidence The Photography of Lewis W. Hine |
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549 | (5) |
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Makers of America The Knights of Labor |
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554 | (3) |
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Varying Viewpoints Industrialization: Boon or Blight? |
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557 | (1) |
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America Moves to the City 1865--1900 |
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558 | (36) |
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Settlement houses and social workers |
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Nativists and immigration restriction |
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Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois |
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Literary landmarks and intellectual achievements |
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The ``New Woman'' and the new morality |
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Art, music, and entertainment in urban America |
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Makers of America The Italians |
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564 | (3) |
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Examining the Evidence Manuscript Census Data, 1900 |
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567 | (13) |
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Makers of America Pioneering Pragmatists |
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580 | (14) |
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The Great West and the Agricultural Revolution 1865--1896 |
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594 | (32) |
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The conquest of the Indians |
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The mining and cattle frontiers |
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The industrialization of agriculture |
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Bryan versus McKinley, 1896 |
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Makers of America The Plains Indians |
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600 | (9) |
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Examining the Evidence Robert Louis Stevenson's Transcontinental Journey, 1879 |
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609 | (16) |
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Varying Viewpoints Was the West Really ``Won''? |
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625 | (1) |
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Empire and Expansion 1890--1909 |
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626 | (28) |
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The sources of American expansionism |
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The Spanish-American War, 1898 |
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Acquiring Puerto Rico (1898) and the Philippines (1899) |
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Crushing the Filipino insurrection |
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Theodore Roosevelt becomes president, 1901 |
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Roosevelt on the World Stage |
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Makers of America The Puerto Ricans |
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638 | (6) |
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Makers of America The Filipinos |
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644 | (9) |
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Varying Viewpoints Why Did America Become a World Power? |
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653 | (1) |
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PART FIVE Struggling for Justice at Home and Abroad 1901--1945 |
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654 | (196) |
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Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt 1901--1912 |
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656 | (23) |
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Campaigning against social injustice |
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The politics of progressivism |
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Women battle for the vote and against the saloon |
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Roosevelt, labor, and the trusts |
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The troubled presidency of William Howard Taft |
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Taft's ``dollar diplomacy'' |
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Roosevelt breaks with Taft |
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Examining the Evidence Muller v. Oregon, 1908 |
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663 | (7) |
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Makers of America The Environmentalists |
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670 | (9) |
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Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad 1912--1916 |
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679 | (17) |
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The election of 1912: The New Freedom versus the New Nationalism |
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Wilson, the tariff, the banks, and the trusts |
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Wilson's diplomacy in Latin America |
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War in Europe and American neutrality |
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The reelection of Wilson, 1916 |
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Varying Viewpoints Who Were the Progressives? |
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695 | (1) |
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The War to End War 1917--1918 |
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696 | (24) |
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America goes to war, 1917 |
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Wilsonian idealism and the Fourteen Points |
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Propaganda and civil liberties |
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Workers, blacks, and women on the home front |
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The United States fights in France |
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Wilsonian peacemaking at Paris |
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The Senate rejects the Versailles Treaty |
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Examining the Evidence ``Mademoiselle from Armentieres'' |
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709 | (9) |
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Varying Viewpoints Woodrow Wilson: Realist or Idealist? |
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718 | (2) |
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American Life in the ``Roaring Twenties'' 1919--1929 |
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720 | (26) |
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The ``red scare,'' 1919--1920 |
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Immigration restriction, 1921--1924 |
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Prohibition and gangsterism |
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A mass-consumption economy |
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Jazz age culture, music, and literature |
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Makers of America The Poles |
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726 | (13) |
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Examining the Evidence The Jazz Singer, 1927 |
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739 | (7) |
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The Politics of Boom and Bust 1920--1932 |
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746 | (24) |
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The Republicans return to power, 1921 |
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Disarmament and isolation |
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Calvin Coolidge's foreign policies |
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The international debt snarl |
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Herbert Hoover, cautious progressive |
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Hoover and the Great Depression |
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``Good Neighbors'' in Latin America |
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Examining the Evidence Lampooning Hoover, 1932 |
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765 | (5) |
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The Great Depression and the New Deal 1933--1939 |
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770 | (30) |
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Franklin D. Roosevelt as president |
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The Hundred Days Congress, 1933 |
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Relief, Recovery, and Reform |
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The National Recovery Administration, 1933--1935 |
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The Tennessee Valley Authority |
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Housing and Social Security |
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The Supreme Court fight, 1937 |
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Makers of America The Dust Bowl Migrants |
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786 | (13) |
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Varying Viewpoints How Radical Was the New Deal? |
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799 | (1) |
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Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Shadow of War 1933--1941 |
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800 | (21) |
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Roosevelt's early foreign policies |
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German and Japanese aggression |
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The Neutrality Acts, 1935--1939 |
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The Spanish Civil War, 1936--1939 |
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Isolation and appeasement |
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The Lend-Lease Act and the Atlantic Charter, 1941 |
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The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941 |
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Makers of America Refugees from the Holocaust |
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808 | (3) |
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Examining the Evidence Public Opinion Polling in the 1930s |
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811 | (10) |
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America in World War II 1941--1945 |
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821 | (29) |
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The internment of Japanese Americans |
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The war's effect on African Americans, Native Americans, and Mexican Americans |
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The economic impact of war |
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Turning the Japanese tide in the Pacific |
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Campaigns in North Africa (1942) and Italy (1943) |
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``D-Day'' in Normandy (France), June 6, 1944 |
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Germany surrenders, May 1945 |
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The atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, August 1945 |
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Makers of America The Japanese |
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824 | (15) |
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Examining the Evidence Franklin Roosevelt at Teheran, 1943 |
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839 | (9) |
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Varying Viewpoints The Atomic Bombs: Were They Justified? |
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848 | (2) |
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PART SIX Making Modern America 1945 to the Present |
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850 | |
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The Cold War Begins 1945--1952 |
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852 | (30) |
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The ``Sunbelt'' and the suburbs |
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Harry S. Truman as president |
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The United Nations and the postwar world |
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Communism and containment |
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The Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and NATO |
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The Korean War, 1950--1953 |
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Examining the Evidence Advertising Prosperity |
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855 | (5) |
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Makers of America The Suburbanites |
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860 | (20) |
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Varying Viewpoints Who Was to Blame for the Cold War? |
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880 | (2) |
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The Eisenhower Era 1952--1960 |
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882 | (27) |
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Consumer culture in the 1950s |
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The election of Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1952 |
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The menace of McCarthyism |
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Brown v. Board of Education (1954) and the seeds of the civil rights revolution |
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The space race and the arms race |
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The election of John F. Kennedy, 1960 |
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Postwar literature and culture |
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Makers of America The Great African American Migration |
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892 | (13) |
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Examining the Evidence The Shopping Mall as New Town Square, 1960 |
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905 | (4) |
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The Stormy Sixties 1960--1968 |
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909 | (29) |
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The Cuban missile crisis, 1962 |
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The struggle for civil rights |
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Kennedy assassinated, November 22, 1963 |
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Lyndon Baines Johnson and the ``Great Society'' |
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The civil rights revolution explodes |
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The election of Richard Nixon, 1968 |
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The cultural upheavals of the 1960s |
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Examining the Evidence Conflicting Press Accounts of the ``March on Washington,'' 1963 |
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919 | (17) |
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Varying Viewpoints The Sixties: Constructive or Destructive? |
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936 | (2) |
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The Stalemated Seventies 1968--1980 |
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938 | (28) |
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Nixon and the Vietnam War |
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New policies toward China and the Soviet Union |
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Nixon and the Supreme Court |
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Nixon trounces McGovern, 1972 |
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Desegregation and affirmative action |
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The election of Jimmy Carter, 1976 |
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The energy crisis and inflation |
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The Iranian hostage humiliation |
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Examining the Evidence The ``Smoking Gun'' Tape, June 23, 1972 |
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|
951 | (3) |
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Makers of America The Vietnamese |
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954 | (4) |
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Makers of America The Feminists |
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958 | (8) |
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The Resurgence of Conservatism 1980--1992 |
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|
966 | (23) |
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The ``New Right'' and Reagan's election, 1980 |
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Budget battles and tax cuts |
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Mikhail Gorbachev, Ronald Reagan, and the thawing of the Cold War |
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Conservatism and the courts |
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The election of George Bush, 1988 |
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The Persian Gulf War, 1991 |
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Varying Viewpoints Where Did Modern Conservatism Come From? |
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|
987 | (2) |
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America Confronts the Post-Cold War Era 1992--2004 |
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|
989 | (22) |
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The election of Bill Clinton, 1992 |
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|
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Post-Cold War foreign policy |
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The Clinton impeachment trial |
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The controversial 2000 election |
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George W. Bush as president |
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The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 |
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The reelection of George W. Bush, 2004 |
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The American People Face a New Century |
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1011 | |
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The changing American family |
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Immigration and assimilation |
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American culture at the century's turn |
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Makers of America Scientists and Engineers |
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1014 | (10) |
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Makers of America The Latinos |
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1024 | |
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|
1 | (28) |
|
Declaration of Independence |
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29 | (3) |
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Constitution of the United States of America |
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|
32 | (17) |
|
An American Profile: The United States and Its People |
|
|
49 | (13) |
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Population, Percentage Change, and Racial Composition for the United States, 1790--2002 |
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Population Density and Distribution, 1790--2000 |
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Changing Characteristics of the U.S. Population |
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Changing Lifestyles in Modern America |
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Characteristics of the U.S. Labor Force |
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Per Capita Disposable Personal Income in Constant (1987) Dollars, 1940--2002 |
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|
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The Federal Budget Dollar and How It Is Spent, by Major Category |
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The U.S. Balance of Trade, 1900--2002 |
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|
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Tariff Levies on Dutiable Imports, 1821--2003 |
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|
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Gross Domestic Product in Current and Constant 1995 Dollars |
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|
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Presidents and Vice Presidents |
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|
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Estimates of Total Costs and Number of Battle Deaths of Major U.S. Wars |
|
|
Photograph Credits |
|
62 | (5) |
Index |
|
67 | (36) |
Document-Based Questions (DBQs) |
|
103 | |