Building Physics : Heat, Air and Moisture - Fundamentals and Engineering Methods with Examples and Exercises

by
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2008-04-01
Publisher(s): Wiley-VCH
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Summary

Bad experiences with construction quality, the energy crises of 1973 and 1979, complaints about 'sick buildings', thermal, acoustical, visual and olfactory discomfort, the move towards more sustainability, have all accelerated the development of a field, which until 35 years ago was hardly more than an academic exercise: building physics. Through the application of existing physical knowledge and the combination with information coming from other disciplines, the field helps to understand the physical performance of building parts, buildings and the built environment, and translates it into correct design and construction. This book is the result of thirty years teaching, research and consultancy activity of the author. The book discusses the theory behind the heat and mass transport in and through building components. Steady and non steady state heat conduction, heat convection and thermal radiation are discussed in depth, followed by typical building-related thermal concepts such as reference temperatures, surface film coefficients, the thermal transmissivity, the solar transmissivity, thermal bridging and the periodic thermal properties. Water vapour and water vapour flow and moisture flow in and through building materials and building components is analyzed in depth, mixed up with several engineering concepts which allow a first order analysis of phenomena such as the vapour balance, the mold, mildew and dust mites risk, surface condensation, sorption, capillary suction, rain absorption and drying. In a last section, heat and mass transfer are combined into one overall model staying closest to the real hygrothermal response of building components, as observed in field experiments. The book combines the theory of heat and mass transfer with typical building engineering applications. The line from theory to application is dressed in a correct and clear way. In the theory, oversimplification is avoided. This book is the result of thirty years teaching, research and consultancy activity of the author.

Author Biography

Hugo S.L.C Hens is professor at the University of Louvain (C.U.Leuven), Belgium. After four year of activity as a structural engineer and site supervisor, he returned to the university to receive a PhD in Building Physics. He taught Building Physics from 1975 to 2003 and Performance Based Building Design from 1970 to 2005 and still teaches building services. Dr. Hens is the author of several text books in Dutch on Building Physics, Performance Based Building Design and Building Services. He has authored and co-authored over 150 articles and conference papers, wrote hundreds of reports on building damage cases and their solution, introduced upgraded, research-based concepts for highly insulated roof and wall construction and directed several programs on building-energy related topics.
For ten years he has been coordinator of the international working group CIB W40 on Heat and Mass Transfer in Buildings. At present he is operating agent of the International Energy Agency's EXCO on Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems, Annex 41 Whole Building Heat, Air and Moisture Response.

Table of Contents

Preface
Introduction
Subject of the Book
Building Physics
Definition
Criteria
Comfort
Health
Architectural and Material Facts
Economy
Environment
Importance of Building Physics
History of Building Physics
References
Units and Symbols
Heat Transfer
Overview
Conduction
Conservation of Energy
Fourier's Laws
First Law
Second Law
Steady State
What Is It?
One Dimension: Flat Walls
Two Dimensions: Cylinder Symmetry
Two and Three Dimensions: Thermal Bridges
Transient Regime
What is Transient?
Flat Walls, Periodic Boundary Conditions
Flat Walls, Transient Boundary Conditions
Two and Three Dimensions
Convection
Overview
Heat Transfer at a Surface
Convection
Convection Typology
Driving Forces
Type of flow
Calculating the Convective Surface Film Coefficient
Analytically
Numerically
Dimensional Analysis
Values for the Convective Surface Film Coefficient
Walls
Cavities
Pipes
Radiation
Overview
Thermal Radiation
Quantities
Reflection, Absorption and Transmission
Radiant Surfaces
Black Bodies
Characteristics
Radiation Exchange Between Two Black Bodies: The Angle Factor
Properties of Angle Factors
Calculating Angle Factors
Grey Bodies
Characteristics
Radiation Exchange Between Grey Bodies
Colored Bodies
Practical Formulae
Applications
Surface Film Coeffi cients and Reference Temperatures
Overview
Inside Environment
Outside Environment
Steady-state, One-dimension: Flat Walls
Thermal Transmittance and Interface Temperatures
Thermal Resistance of a Non-ventilated Infi nite Cavity
Solar Transmittance
Steady State, Cylindrical Coordinates: Pipes
Steady-state, Two and Three Dimensions: Thermal Bridges
Calculation by the Control Volume Method (CVM)
Thermal Bridges in Practice
Transient, Periodic: Flat Walls
Heat Balances
Problems
References
Mass Transfer
In General
Quantities and Definitions
Saturation Degree Scale
Air and Moisture Transfer
Moisture Sources
Air, Moisture and Durability
Linkages between Mass-and Energy Transfer
Air Transfer
In General
Air Pressure Differences
Wind
Stack Effects
Fans
Air Permeances
Air Transfer in Open-porous Materials
Conservation of Mass
Flow Equation
Air Pressures
One Dimension: Flat Walls
Two- and Three-dimensions
Air Flow Through Permeable Layers, Apertures, Joints, Leaks and Cavities
Flow Equations
Conservation of Mass, Equivalent Hydraulic Circuit
Combined Heat- and Air Transfer
Open-porous Materials
Air Permeable Layers, Joints, Leaks and Cavities
Vapour Transfer
Water Vapour in the Air
Ove
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

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