A Child's World: Infancy Through Adolescence with LifeMAP CD-ROM and PowerWeb,9780073191829

A Child's World: Infancy Through Adolescence with LifeMAP CD-ROM and PowerWeb

by ; ;
Edition: 10th
ISBN13: 9780073191829
ISBN10: 0073191825
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2005-03-24
Publisher(s): McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages
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Summary

This fully-revised tenth edition continues to provide the extensive cross-cultural and multicultural coverage, the innovative pedagogical learning system, and the balance between research and real-life applications that have made A Child's World a favorite of both students and professors. In the warmly-written and engaging style that has become their hallmark, Papalia, Olds, and Feldman continue to provide a chronological view of child development; the new edition expands the coverage of cultural and historical influences on development, highlights the latest research, and introduces the LifeMap student CD-ROM.

Table of Contents

About the Authors v
Preface xv
Our Aims for This Edition xv
The Tenth Edition at a Glance xv
For the Instructor xix
For the Student xx
Visual Walk-Through xxiii
Part 1 Entering a Child's World
Studying a Child's World
4(18)
Focus Victor, the Wild Boy of Aveyron
5(2)
The Study of Child Development: Then and Now
7(3)
Early Approaches
7(1)
Studying the Life Span
8(1)
New Frontiers
9(1)
An Emerging Consensus
9(1)
The Study of Child Development: Basic Concepts
10(3)
Developmental Processes: Change and Stability
10(1)
Domains of Development
10(1)
Periods of Development
11(2)
Influences on Development
13(7)
Heredity, Environment, and Maturation
13(1)
Major Contextual Influences
13(5)
Normative and Nonnormative Influences
18(1)
Timing of Influences: Critical or Sensitive Periods
18(2)
Refocus
20(1)
Summary and Key Terms
20(2)
A Child's World: How We Discover It
22(32)
Focus Margaret Mead, Pioneer in Cross-Cultural Research
23(2)
Basic Theoretical Issues
25(2)
Issue 1: How Do Heredity and Environment Affect Development?
25(1)
Issue 2: Is Development Active or Passive?
26(1)
Issue 3: Is Development Continuous, or Does It Occur in Stages?
26(1)
An Emerging Consensus
27(1)
Theoretical Perspectives
27(12)
Perspective 1: Psychoanalytic
27(4)
Perspective 2: Learning
31(2)
Perspective 3: Cognitive
33(2)
Perspective 4: Evolutionary / Sociobiological
35(1)
Perspective 5: Contextual
36(3)
How Theory and Research Work Together
39(1)
Research Methods
39(13)
Sampling
40(1)
Forms of Data Collection
40(2)
Basic Research Designs
42(6)
Developmental Research Designs
48(2)
Collaborative Research
50(1)
Ethics of Research
51(1)
Refocus
52(1)
Summary and Key Terms
52(2)
Part 2 Beginnings
Forming a New Life: Conception, Heredity, and Environment
54(31)
Focus Louise Brown, the First ``Test-Tube Baby''
57(2)
Becoming Parents
59(3)
Conception
59(2)
What Causes Multiple Births?
61(1)
Infertility
62(1)
Mechanisms of Heredity
62(10)
The Genetic Code
64(1)
What Determines Sex?
65(1)
Patterns of Genetic Transmission
65(2)
Genetic and Chromosomal Abnormalities
67(4)
Genetic Counseling and Testing
71(1)
Nature and Nurture: Influences of Heredity and Environment
72(10)
Studying the Relative Influences of Heredity and Environment
74(1)
How Heredity and Environment Work Together
75(4)
Some Characteristics Influenced by Heredity and Environment
79(3)
Refocus
82(1)
Summary and Key Terms
82(3)
Pregnancy and Prenatal Development
85(21)
Focus Abel Dorris and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
85(2)
Prenatal Development: Three Stages
87(6)
Germinal Stage (Fertilization to 2 Weeks)
87(3)
Embryonic Stage (2 to 8 Weeks)
90(1)
Fetal Stage (8 Weeks to Birth)
91(2)
Prenatal Development: Environmental Influences
93(9)
Maternal Factors
93(9)
Paternal Factors
102(1)
Monitoring Prenatal Development
102(3)
Refocus
105(1)
Summary and Key Terms
105(1)
Birth and the Newborn Baby
106(24)
Focus The Birth of Elvis Presley
106(3)
Childbirth and Culture: How Birthing Has Changed
109(2)
Reducing the Risks of Childbirth
110(1)
Contemporary Settings for Childbirth
110(1)
The Birth Process
111(3)
Stages of Childbirth
111(1)
Methods of Delivery
112(2)
The Newborn Baby
114(5)
Size and Appearance
114(1)
Body Systems
115(1)
Medical and Behavioral Assessment
116(1)
State of Arousal and Activity Levels
117(2)
Newborns and Their Parents
119(2)
Childbirth and Bonding
119(1)
How Parenthood Affects Marriage
120(1)
Complications of Childbirth---and Their Aftermath
121(5)
Birth Trauma
121(1)
Postmaturity
121(1)
Low Birth Weight
122(2)
Stillbirth
124(1)
Can a Supportive Environment Overcome Effects of Birth Complications?
125(1)
Refocus
126(1)
Summary and Key Terms
126(4)
Part 3 Infancy and Toddlerhood
Physical Development and Health During the First Three Years
130(30)
Focus Helen Keller and the World of the Senses
131(2)
Growth and Nutrition
133(5)
Patterns of Growth
133(1)
Influences on Growth
134(1)
Nourishment
134(4)
The Brain and Reflex Behavior
138(8)
Building the Brain
138(4)
Early Reflexes
142(2)
Molding the Brain: The Role of Experience
144(2)
Early Sensory Capacities
146(1)
Touch and Pain
146(1)
Smell and Taste
146(1)
Hearing
147(1)
Sight
147(1)
Motor Development
147(6)
Milestones of Motor Development
148(1)
How Motor Development Occurs: Maturation in Context
149(2)
Motor Development and Perception
151(1)
Eleanor and James Gibson's Ecological Theory
151(1)
Cultural Influences on Motor Development
152(1)
Health
153(5)
Reducing Infant Mortality
153(5)
Immunization for Better Health
158(1)
Refocus
158(1)
Summary and Key Terms
159(1)
Cognitive Development During the First Three Years
160(38)
Focus William Erasmus Darwin, Naturalist's Son
161(2)
Studying Cognitive Development: Classic Approaches
163(15)
Behaviorist Approach: Basic Mechanics of Learning
163(3)
Psychometric Approach: Developmental and Intelligence Testing
166(3)
Piagetian Approach: The Sensorimotor Stage
169(9)
Studying Cognitive Development: Newer Approaches
178(9)
Information--Processing Approach: Perceptions and Representations
178(7)
Cognitive Neuroscience Approach: The Brain's Cognitive Structures
185(1)
Social-Contextual Approach: Learning from Interactions with Caregivers
186(1)
Language Development
187(9)
Sequence of Early Language Development
187(3)
Characteristics of Early Speech
190(1)
Classic Theories of Language Acquisition: The Nature-Nurture Debate
191(1)
Influences on Language Development
192(2)
Preparing for Literacy: The Benefits of Reading Aloud
194(2)
Refocus
196(1)
Summary and Key Terms
196(2)
Psychosocial Development During the First Three Years
198(40)
Focus Mary Catherine Bateson, Anthropologist
199(2)
Foundations of Psychosocial Development
201(13)
Emotions
201(5)
Temperament
206(4)
Earliest Social Experiences: The Infant in the Family
210(4)
Developmental Issues in Infancy
214(8)
Developing Trust
214(1)
Developing Attachments
215(4)
Emotional Communication with Caregivers: Mutual Regulation
219(2)
How a Mother's Depression Affects Mutual Regulation
221(1)
Social Referencing
222(1)
Developmental Issues in Toddlerhood
222(5)
The Emerging Sense of Self
222(1)
Developing Autonomy
223(1)
Socialization and Internalization: Developing a Conscience
224(3)
Contact with Other Children
227(2)
Siblings
227(1)
Sociability with Nonsiblings
228(1)
Children of Working Parents
229(4)
Effects of Parental Employment
229(1)
Early Child Care
230(3)
Refocus
233(1)
Summary and Key Terms
234(4)
Part 4 Early Childhood
Physical Development and Health in Early Childhood
238(24)
Focus Wang Yani, Self-Taught Artist
239(2)
Aspects of Physiological Development
241(5)
Bodily Growth and Change
241(2)
Nutrition: Preventing Overweight
243(1)
Oral Health
243(1)
Sleep Patterns and Problems
244(2)
Motor Development
246(2)
Gross Motor Skills
246(1)
Fine Motor Skills and Artistic Development
247(1)
Handedness
247(1)
Health and Safety
248(6)
Minor Illnesses
250(1)
Accidental Injuries
250(1)
Health in Context: Bioecological Influences
250(4)
Maltreatment: Abuse and Neglect
254(5)
Maltreatment: Facts and Figures
255(1)
Contributing Factors: An Ecological View
255(2)
Effects of Maltreatment
257(1)
Helping Families in Trouble or at Risk
258(1)
Refocus
259(1)
Summary and Key Terms
259(3)
Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
262(30)
Focus Albert Einstein, Nuclear Physicist
263(2)
Piagetian Approach: The Preoperational Child
265(11)
Advances of Preoperational Thought
265(3)
Immature Aspects of Preoperational Thought
268(2)
Do Young Children Have Theories of Mind?
270(6)
Information-Processing Approach: Memory Development
276(4)
Basic Processes and Capacities
276(1)
Recognition and Recall
277(1)
Forming Childhood Memories
277(2)
Memory and Culture
279(1)
Intelligence: Psychometric and Vygotskian Approaches
280(2)
Traditional Psychometric Measures
280(1)
Influences on Measured Intelligence
280(1)
Testing and Teaching Based on Vygotsky's Theory
281(1)
Language Development
282(5)
Vocabulary
282(1)
Grammar and Syntax
282(1)
Pragmatics and Social Speech
283(1)
Private Speech: Piaget Versus Vygotsky
284(1)
Delayed Language Development
285(1)
Social Interaction and Preparation for Literacy
286(1)
Early Childhood Education
287(3)
Goals and Types of Preschools
287(1)
Compensatory Preschool Programs
288(1)
The Transition to Kindergarten
289(1)
Refocus
290(1)
Summary and Key Terms
290(2)
Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood
292(34)
Focus Isabel Allende, Militant Writer
293(2)
The Developing Self
295(4)
The Self-Concept and Cognitive Development
295(2)
Understanding and Regulating Emotions
297(1)
Erikson: Initiative Versus Guilt
298(1)
Self-Esteem
298(1)
Gender
299(6)
Gender Differences
299(1)
Perspectives on Gender Development: Nature and Nurture
300(5)
Play: The Business of Early Childhood
305(4)
Types of Play
306(1)
The Social Dimension of Play
306(2)
How Gender Influences Play
308(1)
How Culture Influences Play
309(1)
Parenting
309(8)
Forms of Discipline
309(3)
Parenting Styles
312(2)
Promoting Altruism and Dealing with Aggression and Fearfulness
314(3)
Relationships with Other Children
317(4)
Siblings---or Their Absence
318(2)
Playmates and Friends
320(1)
Refocus
321(1)
Summary and Key Terms
321(5)
Part 5 Middle Childhood
Physical Development and Health in Middle Childhood
326(16)
Focus Ann Bancroft, Polar Explorer
327(2)
Growth and Physiological Development
329(4)
Height and Weight
329(1)
Nutrition and Oral Health
330(1)
Overweight and Body Image
331(2)
Motor Development and Physical Play
333(2)
Free Play
333(1)
Organized Sports
334(1)
Health, Fitness, and Safety
335(4)
Maintaining Health and Fitness
335(1)
Medical Conditions
335(3)
Accidental Injuries
338(1)
Factors in Health and Access to Health Care
339(1)
Refocus
339(2)
Summary and Key Terms
341(1)
Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
342(35)
Focus Akira Kurosawa, Master Filmmaker
343(2)
Plagetian Approach: The Concrete Operational Child
345(5)
Cognitive Advances
345(3)
Influences of Neurological Development and Culture
348(1)
Moral Reasoning
349(1)
Information-Processing Approach: Memory and Other Processing Skills
350(2)
Metamemory: Understanding Memory
350(1)
Mnemonics: Strategies for Remembering
350(1)
Selective Attention
351(1)
Information Processing and Piagetian Tasks
351(1)
Psychometric Approach: Assessment of Intelligence
352(5)
Traditional Group and Individual Tests
352(1)
The IQ Controversy
353(1)
Is There More Than One Intelligence?
354(2)
Other New Directions in Intelligence Testing
356(1)
Language and Literacy
357(2)
Vocabulary, Grammar, and Syntax
357(1)
Pragmatics: Knowledge About Communication
358(1)
Literacy
358(1)
The Child in School
359(14)
Entering First Grade
360(1)
Influences on School Achievement: An Ecological Analysis
360(6)
Second-Language Education
366(1)
Children with Learning Problems
367(4)
Gifted Children
371(2)
Refocus
373(1)
Summary and Key Terms
373(4)
Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood
377(31)
Focus Marian Anderson, Operatic Trailblazer
379(1)
The Developing Self
379(2)
Representational Systems: A Neo-Piagetian View
379(1)
Self-Esteem
379(2)
Emotional Growth and Prosocial Behavior
381(1)
The Child in the Family
381(11)
Family Atmosphere
382(2)
Family Structure
384(6)
Sibling Relationships
390(1)
Companion Animals
391(1)
The Child in the Peer Group
392(6)
Positive and Negative Effects of Peer Relations
392(1)
Popularity
392(1)
Friendship
393(2)
Aggression and Bullying
395(3)
Mental Health
398(5)
Common Emotional Disturbances
399(1)
Treatment Techniques
400(1)
Stress and Resilience
401(2)
Refocus
403(1)
Summary and Key Terms
404(4)
Part 6 Adolescence
Physical Development and Health in Adolescence
408(26)
Focus Anne Frank, Diarist of the Holocaust
409(2)
Adolescence: A Developmental Transition
411(1)
Markers of Adolescence
412(1)
Opportunities and Risks of Adolescence
412(1)
Puberty: The End of Childhood
412(6)
How Puberty Begins: Hormonal Changes
413(1)
Timing, Sequence, and Signs of Puberty and Sexual Maturity
414(3)
Psychological Effects of Early and Late Maturation
417(1)
The Adolescent Brain
418(1)
Physical and Mental Health
419(13)
Health Problems and Health-Related Behaviors
419(1)
Physical Activity
420(1)
Sleep Needs
420(1)
Nutrition and Eating Disorders
421(3)
Use and Abuse of Drugs
424(2)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
426(2)
Depression
428(2)
Death in Adolescence
430(1)
Protective Factors: Health in Context
431(1)
Refocus
432(1)
Summary and Key Terms
433(1)
Cognitive Development in Adolescence
434(24)
Focus Nelson Mandela, Freedom Fighter
435(2)
Aspects of Cognitive Maturation
437(7)
Piaget's Stage of Formal Operations
437(3)
Changes in Information Processing in Adolescence
440(1)
Language Development
441(1)
Elkind: Immature Characteristics of Adolescent Thought
441(3)
Moral and Spiritual Development
444(6)
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Reasoning
444(5)
Fowler's Stages of Faith
449(1)
Educational and Vocational Issues
450(6)
Influences on Motivation and Achievement
450(3)
Dropping Out of High School
453(1)
Educational and Vocational Preparation
454(2)
Refocus
456(1)
Summary and Key Terms
456(2)
Psychosocial Developments in Adolescence
458
Focus Jackie Robinson, Baseball Legend
459(2)
The Search for Identity
461(5)
Erikson: Identity Versus Identity Confusion
461(2)
Marcia: Identity Status---Crisis and Commitment
463(1)
Elkind: The Patchwork Self
464(1)
Gender Differences in Identity Formation
465(1)
Ethnic Factors in Identity Formation
466(1)
Sexuality
466(9)
Sexual Orientation
466(2)
Sexual Attitudes and Behavior
468(4)
Teenage Pregnancy and Childbearing
472(3)
Relationships with Family, Peers, and Adult Society
475(10)
Is Adolescent Rebellion a Myth?
475(1)
Changing Time Use and Changing Relationships
476(1)
Adolescents and Parents
476(2)
Adolescents and Siblings
478(1)
Peers and Friends
479(2)
Antisocial Behavior and Juvenile Delinquency
481(4)
Emerging Adulthood
485(1)
Refocus
485(1)
Summary and Key Terms
486
Glossary 1(1)
Bibliography 1(1)
Acknowledgments 1(1)
Name Index 1(1)
Subject Index 1

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