Democratization is the most comprehensive volume on this critical field of contemporary politics, with insightful coverage of the key theories, actors, dynamics, and developments. This authoritative guide brings together leading experts from diverse international backgrounds, including some of the best known names in the field, making it an invaluable resource to students of democratization.

This second edition reflects the dramatic changes in today's political world, with empirical coverage of developments on every continent. It considers the role of new technologies, including a dedicated chapter on social media and democratization, as well as the resilience of authoritarian tendencies in many parts of the world.


The book is accompanied by a range of online resources designed to support both students and lecturers.

For students:
- Revise key terms and test your knowledge of terminology from the book with our digital flashcard glossary.
- Expand your knowledge of key developments in world affairs with additional case studies.
- Take your learning further with links to reliable web content and relevant OUP journals.

For registered adopters of the textbook:
- Guide class debate with suggested seminar questions and activities.
- Adapt PowerPoint(R) slides as a basis for lecture presentations, or use as handouts in class.

Christian Haerpfer, University of Vienna,Patrick Bernhagen, University of Stuttgart,Christian Welzel, Leuphana University of Luneburg,Ronald F. Inglehart, University of Michigan

Christian Haerpfer is Professor of Politics at the University of Vienna, Director of the Institute for Comparative Survey Research in Vienna, and President of the World Values Survey Association.

Patrick Bernhagen is Professor of Comparative Politics and the University of Stuttgart.

Christian Welzel is Professor for Political Culture Research at Leuphana University of Luneberg and President Emeritus of the World Values Survey Association.

Ronald F. Inglehart is Professor of Political Science at the University of Michigan.

1. Introduction, Christian Welzel, Ronald Inglehart, Patrick Bernhangen, and Christian Haerpfer
Part One: Theoretical and Historical Perspectives
2. Theories of Democratization, Christian Welzel
3. Democratic and Undemocratic States, Richard Rose
4. Measuring Democracy and Democratization, Patrick Bernhagen
5. Long Waves and Conjunctures of Democratization, Dirk Berg-Schlosser
6. The Global Wave of Democratization, John Markoff and Daniel Burridge
Part Two: Causes and Dimensions of Democratization
7. The International Context, Hakan Yilmaz
8. The Political Economy of Democracy, Patrick Bernhagen
9. Political Culture, Mass Beliefs and Value Change, Christian Welzel and Ronald F. Inglehart
10. Gender and Democratization, Pamela Paxton and Kris Velasco
11. Social Capital and Civil Society, Natalia Letki
Part Three: Actors and Institutions
12. Social Movements and Contention in Democratization Processes, Federico M. Rossi and Donnatella della Porta
13. Conventional Citizen Participation, Ian McAllister and Stephen White
14. Political Parties, Leonardo Morlino
15. Electoral Systems and Institutional Design in New Democracies, Matthijs Bogaards
16. The Media, Katrin Voltmer and Gary Rawnsley
17. Social Media, Larry Diamond and Zak Whittington
18. Failed Democratization and Resilient Authoritarianism, M. Steven Fish, Jason Wittenberg, and Laura Jakli
Part Four: Regions of Democratization
19. Southern Europe, Richard Gunther
20. Latin America, Andrea Oelsner and Mervyn Bain
21. Post-Communist Europe, Christian Haerpfer and Kseniya Kizilova
22. The Post-Soviet Space, Christian Haerpfer and Kseniya Kizilova
23. The Middle East and North Africa, Francesco Cavatorta
24. Sub-Saharan Africa, Michael Bratton
25. East Asia, Doh Chull Shin and Rollin F. Tusalem
Part 5: Conclusions and Outlook
26. Conclusions and Outlook: The Future of Democratization, Christian Welzel, Ronald F. Inglehart, Patrick Bernhagen, and Christian Haerpfer