Foreword: |
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François Ewald and Alessandro Fontana |
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xiii | |
Introduction: |
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xix | |
Translator's Note |
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xxxi | |
one 6 JANUARY 1982: FIRST HOUR |
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1 | (24) |
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Reminder of the general problematic: subjectivity and truth. |
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New theoretical point of departure: the care of the self. |
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Interpretations of the Delphic precept "know yourself." |
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Socrates as man of care of the self: analysis of three extracts from The Apology. |
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Care of the self as precept of ancient philosophical and moral life. |
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Care of the self in the first Christian texts. |
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Care of the self as general standpoint, relationship to the self and set of practices. |
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Reasons for the modern elimination of care of the self in favor of self-knowledge: modern morality; the Cartesian moment. |
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Philosophy and spirituality. |
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two 6 JANUARY 1982: SECOND HOUR |
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25 | (1) |
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Presence of conflicting requirements of spirituality: science and theology before Descartes; classical and modern philosophy; Marxism and psychoanalysis. |
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Analysis of a Lacedaemonian maxim: the care of the self as statutory privilege. |
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First analysis of Plato's Alcibiades. |
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Alcibiades' political expectations and Socrates' intervention. |
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The education of Alcibiades compared with that of young Spartans and Persian Princes. |
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Contextualization of the first appearance of the requirement of care of the self in Alcibiades: political expectation and pedagogical deficiency; critical age; absence of political knowledge (savoir). |
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The indeterminate nature of the self and its political implications. |
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three 13 JANUARY 1982: FIRST HOUR |
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25 | (40) |
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Contexts of appearance of the Socratic requirement of care of the self: the political ability of young men from good families; the (academic and erotic) limits of Athenian pedagogy; the ignorance of which one is unaware. |
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Practices of transformation of the self in archaic Greece. |
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Preparation for dreaming and testing techniques in Pythagoreanism. |
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Techniques of the self in Plato's Phaedo. |
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Their importance in Hellenistic philosophy. |
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The question of the being of the self one must take care of in the Alcibiades. |
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Definition of the self as soul. |
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Definition of the soul as subject of action. |
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The care of the self in relation to dietetics, economics, and erotics. |
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The need for a master of the care. |
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four 13 JANUARY 1982: SECOND HOUR |
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65 | (16) |
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Determination of care of the self as self-knowledge in the Alcibiades: conflict between the two requirements in Plato's work. |
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The metaphor of the eye: source of vision and divine element. |
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End of the dialogue: the concern for justice. |
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Problems of the dialogue's authenticity and its general relation to Platonism. |
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Care of the self in the Alcibiades in its relation to political action, pedagogy, and the erotics of boys. |
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Anticpation in the Alcibiades of the fate of care of the self in Platonism. |
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Neo-Platonist descendants of Alcibiades. |
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The paradox of Platonism. |
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five 20 JANUARY 1982: FIRST HOUR |
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81 | (26) |
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The care of the self from Alcibiades to the first two centuries A.D.: general evolution. |
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Lexical study around the epimeleia. |
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A constellation of expressions. |
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Generalisation of the care of the self: principle that it is coextensive with the whole of life. |
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Reading of texts: Epicurus, Musonius Rufus, Seneca, Epictetus, Philo of Alexandria, Lucian. |
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Ethical consequences of this generalization: care of the self as axis of training and correction; convergence of medical and philosophical activity (common concepts and therapeutic objective). |
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six 20 JANUARY 1982: SECOND HOUR |
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107 | (18) |
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The privileged status of old age (positive goal and ideal point of existence). |
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Generalization of the principle of care of the self (with universal vocation and connection with sectarian phenomena. |
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Social spectrum involved: from the popular religious milieu to Roman aristocratic networks of friendship. |
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Two other examples: Epicurean circles and the Therapeutae group. |
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Rejection of the paradigm of the law. |
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Structural principle of double articulation: universality of appeal and rarity of election. |
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seven 27 JANUARY 1982: FIRST HOUR |
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125 | (24) |
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Reminder of the general characteristics of practices of the self in the first and second centuries. |
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The question of the Other: three types of mastership in Plato's dialogues. |
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Hellenistic and Roman period: the mastership of subjectivation. |
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Analysis of stultitia in Seneca. |
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The figure of the philosopher as master of subjectivation. |
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The Hellenic institutional form: the Epicurean school and the Stoic meeting. |
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The Roman institutional form: the private counselor of life. |
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eight 27 JANUARY 1982: SECOND HOUR |
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149 | (20) |
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The professional philosopher of the first and second centuries and his political chokes. |
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Euphrates in Pliny's Letters: an anti-Cynic. |
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Philosophy as social practice outside the school: the example of Seneca. |
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The correspondence between Fronto and Marcus Aurelius: systematization of dietetics, economics, and erotics in the guidance of existence. |
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Examination of conscience. |
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nine 3 FEBRUARY 1982: FIRST HOUR |
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169 | (18) |
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Neo-Platonist commentaries on the Alcibiades: Proclus and Olympiodorus, |
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The Neo-Platonist separation of the political and the cathartic. |
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Study of the link between care of the self and care for others in Plato: purpose, reciprocity, and essential implication. |
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Situation in the first and second centuries: self finalization of the self. |
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Consequences: a philosophical art of living according to the principle of conversion; the development of a culture of the self. |
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Religious meaning of the idea of salvation. |
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Meanings of soteria and of salus. |
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ten 3 FEBRUARY 1982: SECOND HOUR |
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187 | (18) |
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Questions from the public concerning subjectivity and truth. |
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Care of the self and care of others: a reversal of relationships. |
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The Epicurean conception of friendship. |
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The Stoic conception of man as a communal being. |
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The false exception of the Prince. |
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eleven 10 FEBRUARY 1982: FIRST HOUR |
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205 | (24) |
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Reminder of the double opening up of care of the self with regard to pedagogy and political activity. |
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The metaphors of the self finalization of the self. |
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The invention of a practical schema: conversion to the self. |
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Platonic epistrophe and its relation to conversion to the self. |
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Christian metanoia and its relation to conversion to the self. |
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The classical Greek meaning of metanoia. |
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Defense of a third way, between Platonic epistrophe and Christian metanoia. |
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Conversion of the gaze: criticism of curiosity. |
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twelve 10 FEBRUARY 1982: SECOND HOUR |
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229 | (18) |
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General theoretical framework: veridiction and subjectivation. |
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Knowledge (savoir) of the world and practice of the self in the Cynics: the example of Demetrius. |
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Description of useful knowledge (connaissances) in Demetrius. |
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Ethopoetic knowledge (savoir). |
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Physiological knowledge (connaissance) in Epicurus. |
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The parrhesia of Epicurean physiologists. |
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thirteen 17 FEBRUARY 1982: FIRST HOUR |
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247 | (24) |
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Conversion to self as successfully accomplished form of care of the self. |
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The metaphor of navigation. |
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The pilot's technique as paradigm of governmentality. |
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The idea of an ethic of return to the self: Christian refusal and abortive attempts of the modern epoch. |
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Conversion to self without the principle of a knowledge of the self. |
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Two eclipsing models: Platonic recollection and Christian exegesis. |
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The hidden model: Hellenistic conversion to self. |
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Knowledge of the world and self-knowledge in Stoic thought. |
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The example of Seneca: criticism of culture in Seneca's Letters to Lucilius; the movement of the gaze in Natural Questions. |
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fourteen 17 FEBRUARY 1982: SECOND HOUR |
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271 | (18) |
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End of the analysis of the preface to the third part of Natural Questions. |
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Study of the preface to the first part. |
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The movement of the knowing soul in Seneca: description; general characteristic; after-effect. |
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Conclusions: essential implication of knowledge of the self and knowledge (connaissance) of the world; liberating effect of knowledge (savoir) of the world; irreducibility to the Platonic model. |
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fifteen 21 FEBRUARY 1982: FIRST HOUR |
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289 | (26) |
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The spiritual modalization of knowledge (savoir) in Marcus Aurelius: the work of analyzng representations; defining and describing; seeing and naming; evaluating and testing; gaining access to the grandeur of the soul. |
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Examples of spiritual exercises in Epictetus. |
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Christian exegesis and Stoic analysis of representations. |
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Return to Marcus Aurelius: exercises of the decomposition of the object in time; exercises of the analysis of the object into its material components; exercises of the reductive description of the object. |
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Conceptual structure of spiritual knowledge (savoir). |
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sixteen 21 FEBRUARY 1982: SECOND HOUR |
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315 | (16) |
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Virtue and its relation to askesis. |
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The absence of reference to objective knowledge of the subject in mathesis. |
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The absence of reference to law in askesis. |
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Objective and means of askesis. |
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Characterization of the paraskeue: the sage as athlete of the event. |
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Content of the paraskeue: discourse-action. Mode of being of these discourses: the prokheiron. |
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Askesis as practice of the incorporation of truth-telling in the subject. |
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seventeen 3 MARCH 1982: FIRST HOUR |
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331 | (24) |
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Conceptual separation of Christian from philosophical ascesis. |
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Practices of subjectivation: the importance of listening exercises. |
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The ambiguous nature of listening, between passivity and activity: Plutarch's Peri tou akouein; Seneca's letter CVIII; Epictetus' discourse II.23. |
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Listening in the absence of tekhne. |
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The ascetic rules of listening: silence; precise non-verbal communication, and general demeanor of the good listener; attention (attachment to the referent of the discourse and subjectivation of the discourse through immediate memorization). |
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eighteen 3 MARCH 1982: SECOND HOUR |
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355 | (16) |
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The practical rules of correct listening and its assigned end: meditation. |
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The ancient meaning of melete/meditatio as exercise performed by thought on the subject. |
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Writing as physical exercise of the incorporation of discourse. |
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Correspondence as circle of subjectivation/veridiction. |
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The art of speaking in Christian spirituality: the forms of the spiritual director's true discourse; the confession (l'aveu) of the person being directed; telling the truth about oneself as condition of salvation. |
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The Greco-Roman practice of guidance: constitution of a subject of truth through the attentive silence of the person being guided; the obligation of parrhesia in the master's discourse. |
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nineteen 10 MARCH 1982: FIRST HOUR |
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371 | (24) |
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Parrhesia as ethical attitude and technical procedure in the master's discourse. |
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The adversaries of parrhesia: flattery and rhetoric. |
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The importance of the themes of flattery and anger in the new system of power. |
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An example: the preface to the fourth book of Seneca's Natural Questions (exercise of power, relationship to oneself, dangers of flattery. |
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The Prince's fragile wisdom. |
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The points of opposition between parrhesia and rhetoric: the division between truth and lie; the status of technique; the effects of subjectivation. |
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Positive conceptualization of parrhesia: the Peri parrhesias of Philodemus. |
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twenty 10 MARCH 1982: SECOND HOUR |
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395 | (42) |
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Continuation of the analysis of parrhesia: Galen's On the Passions and Errors of the Soul. |
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Characteristics of libertas according to Seneca: refusal of popular and bombastic eloquence; transparency and rigor; incorporation of useful discourses; an art of conjecture. |
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Structure of libertas: perfect transmission of thought and the subject's commitment in his discourse. |
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Pedagogy and psychagogy: relationship and evolution in Greco-Roman philosophy and in Christianity. |
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twenty-one 17 MARCH 1982: FIRST HOUR |
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Supplementary remarks on the meaning of the Pythagorean rules of silence. |
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Definition of "ascetics." |
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Appraisal of the historical ethnology of Greek ascetics. |
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Reminder of the Alcibiades: withdrawal of ascetics into self-knowledge as mirror of the divine. |
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Ascetics of the first and second centuries: a double decoupling (with regard to the principle of self-knowledge and with regard to the principle of recognition in the divine). |
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Explanation of the Christian fate of Hellenistic and Roman ascetics: rejection of the gnosis. |
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Techniques of existence, exposition of two levels: mental exercise; training in real life. |
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Exercises of abstinence: the athletic body in Plato and the hardy body in Musonius Rufus. |
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The practice of tests and its characteristics. |
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twenty-two 17 MARCH 1982: SECOND HOUR |
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437 | (16) |
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Seneca's De Providentia: the test of existing and its discriminating function. |
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Epictetus and the philosopher-scout. |
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The transfiguration of evils: from old Stoicism to Epictetus. |
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The test in Greek tragedy. |
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Comments on the indifference of the Hellenistic preparation of existence to Christian dogmas on immortality and salvation. |
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The art of living and care of the self: a reversal of relationship. |
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Sign of this reversal: the theme of virginity in the Greek novel. |
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twenty-three 21 MARCH 1982: FIRST HOUR |
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453 | (24) |
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Reminder of results of previous lecture. |
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The grasp of self by the self in Plato's Alcibiades and in the philosophical texts of the first and second centuries A.D.: comparative study. |
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The three major forms of Western reflexivity: recollection, meditation, and method. |
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The illusion of contemporary Western philosophical historiography. |
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The two meditative series: the test of the content of truth and the test of the subject of truth. |
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The Greek disqualification of projection into the future: the primacy of memory; the ontologico-ethical void of the future. |
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The Stoic exercise of presuming evils as preparation. |
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Gradation of the test of presumption of evils: the possible, the certain, and the imminent. |
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Presumption of evils as sealing off the future and reduction of reality. |
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twenty-four 21 MARCH 1982: SECOND HOUR |
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477 | (30) |
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The meditation on death: a sagittal and retrospective gate. |
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Examination of conscience in Seneca and Epictetus. |
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Bio-technique, test of the self, objectification of the world: the challenges of Western philosophy. |
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491 | (16) |
Course Context: |
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507 | (44) |
Index of Names |
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551 | (6) |
Index of Notions and Concepts |
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557 | |