Features |
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xvii | |
Preface |
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xxi | |
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Knowledge and Beliefs About Reading |
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1 | (31) |
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The Importance of Belief Systems |
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4 | (7) |
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Different Beliefs, Different Instructional Decisions |
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5 | (3) |
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Reading Instruction and Teachers' Belief Systems |
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8 | (3) |
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How Teachers Come to Know About Reading and Learning to Read |
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11 | (4) |
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Constructing Personal Knowledge |
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12 | (1) |
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Constructing Practical Knowledge |
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13 | (1) |
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Constructing Professional Knowledge and Expertise |
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13 | (2) |
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Cognitive Insights into Reading and Learning to Read |
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15 | (6) |
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The Alphabetic Principle and Learning to Read |
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15 | (2) |
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Schema Theory and Reading Comprehension |
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17 | (1) |
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Metacognition and Learning |
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18 | (3) |
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Reading from a Language Perspective |
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21 | (4) |
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Psycholinguistics and Reading |
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22 | (1) |
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Sociolinguistics and Reading |
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23 | (2) |
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25 | (4) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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What About Struggling Readers and Teachers' Knowledge and Beliefs About Reading? |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (2) |
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Approaches to Reading Instruction |
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32 | (24) |
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Belief Systems and Approaches to Literacy Instruction |
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35 | (5) |
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Beliefs About Reading Interview |
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36 | (4) |
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Theoretical Orientation to Reading Profile |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (5) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (3) |
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45 | (8) |
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The Basal Reading Approach |
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45 | (1) |
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The Language-Experience Approach |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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Literature-Based Instruction |
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47 | (1) |
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Technology-Based Instruction |
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48 | (1) |
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Approaches and Strategies in Comprehensive Instruction |
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48 | (5) |
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What About Struggling Readers and Approaches to Literacy Instruction? |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (2) |
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Early Literacy: From Birth to School |
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56 | (34) |
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Children's Development in Early Reading and Writing |
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59 | (14) |
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Phases of Literacy Development |
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60 | (2) |
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62 | (4) |
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66 | (7) |
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Developmentally Appropriate Practices |
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73 | (14) |
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Creating Literate Environments |
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74 | (1) |
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Designing Literacy Play Centers |
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75 | (4) |
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Exploring Print Through Language Experiences |
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79 | (2) |
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81 | (5) |
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What About Struggling Readers and Early Literacy? |
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86 | (1) |
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What About Standards, Assessment, and Early Literacy? |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (2) |
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Inviting Beginners into the Literacy Club |
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90 | (40) |
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Emerging Literacy Programs for Beginners |
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93 | (2) |
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Learning Literacy Through Storybooks |
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95 | (10) |
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Big Books in U.S. Classrooms |
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97 | (2) |
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99 | (1) |
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Interactive Reading and Writing |
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99 | (6) |
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Learning About the Relationships Between Speech and Print |
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105 | (7) |
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Understanding the Uses of Written Language |
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105 | (4) |
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Connecting Speech and Print Through Language Experience |
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109 | (3) |
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Learning About Features of Written Language |
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112 | (3) |
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112 | (1) |
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The Concepts About Print Test |
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113 | (1) |
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Observing Children's Emerging Literacy Accomplishments |
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114 | (1) |
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Learning About Letters and Sounds |
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115 | (13) |
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117 | (2) |
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Developing Phonemic Awareness |
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119 | (7) |
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What About Struggling Readers and the Literacy Club? |
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126 | (1) |
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What About Standards, Assessment, and the Literacy Club? |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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Assessing Reading Performance |
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130 | (40) |
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Toward a Corroborative Framework for Decision Making |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (4) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (3) |
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138 | (5) |
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138 | (4) |
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Criterion-Referenced Tests |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (13) |
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Informal Reading Inventories |
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143 | (4) |
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Analyzing Oral Reading Miscues |
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147 | (4) |
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151 | (5) |
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156 | (12) |
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Essential Elements of Portfolios |
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157 | (2) |
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Implementing Portfolios in the Classroom |
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159 | (3) |
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Kidwatching While Teaching |
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162 | (5) |
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What About Struggling Readers and Assessing Reading Performance? |
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167 | (1) |
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What About Standards, Assessment, and Reading Performance? |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (48) |
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Defining Word Identification |
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173 | (2) |
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Phases of Development in Children's Ability to Identify Words |
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175 | (4) |
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Approaches and Guidelines for Teaching Phonics |
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179 | (8) |
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180 | (4) |
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184 | (3) |
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Strategies for Teaching Phonics |
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187 | (16) |
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Consonant-Based Strategies |
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188 | (7) |
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195 | (4) |
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Spelling-Based Strategies |
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199 | (4) |
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Using Meaning and Letter-Sound Information to Identify Words |
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203 | (3) |
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Strategies for Teaching Context |
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203 | (3) |
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Cross-Checking and Self-Monitoring Strategies |
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206 | (1) |
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Rapid Recognition of Words |
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206 | (7) |
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208 | (3) |
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Strategies for Teaching Function Words |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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Balancing Word Identification Instruction |
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213 | (3) |
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What About Struggling Readers and Word Identification? |
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214 | (1) |
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What About Standards, Assessment, and Word Identification? |
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214 | (2) |
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216 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (32) |
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Defining Oral Reading Fluency |
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220 | (4) |
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Immediate Word Identification |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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Predictability of Reading Materials |
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223 | (1) |
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Developing Oral Reading Fluency |
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224 | (11) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (3) |
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228 | (2) |
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230 | (2) |
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232 | (3) |
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Routines for Fluency Development |
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235 | (3) |
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Monitoring Oral Reading Fluency |
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238 | (1) |
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Developing Silent Reading Fluency |
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239 | (8) |
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240 | (2) |
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242 | (1) |
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SSR for Beginning Readers and Struggling Readers |
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242 | (2) |
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244 | (1) |
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Teaching Sustained Silent Reading |
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244 | (2) |
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What About Struggling Readers and Reading Fluency? |
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246 | (1) |
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What About Standards Assessment and Reading Fluency? |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (2) |
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Vocabulary Knowledge and Concept Development |
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250 | (36) |
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The Relationship Between Vocabulary and Comprehension |
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254 | (2) |
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Experiences, Concepts, and Words |
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256 | (4) |
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Words as Labels for Concepts |
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257 | (1) |
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Words and Concepts: A Closer Look |
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258 | (1) |
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Class, Example, and Attribute Relationships |
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258 | (2) |
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Principles to Guide Vocabulary Instruction |
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260 | (5) |
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Principle 1: Select Words That Children Will Encounter While Reading Literature and Content Material |
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260 | (2) |
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Principle 2: Teach Words in Relation to Other Words |
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262 | (1) |
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Principle 3: Teach Students to Relate Words to Their Background Knowledge |
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263 | (1) |
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Principle 4: Teach Words in Prereading Activities to Activate Knowledge and Use Them in Postreading Discussion, Response, and Retelling |
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263 | (1) |
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Principle 5: Teach Words Systematically and in Depth |
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264 | (1) |
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Principle 6: Awaken Interest in and Enthusiasm for Words |
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265 | (1) |
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Best Practice: Strategies for Vocabulary and Concept Development |
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265 | (18) |
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Relating Experiences to Vocabulary Learning |
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265 | (2) |
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Using Context for Vocabulary Growth |
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267 | (1) |
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267 | (2) |
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Classifying and Categorizing Words |
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269 | (8) |
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Developing Word Meanings Through Stories and Writing |
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277 | (3) |
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Developing Independence in Vocabulary Learning |
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280 | (2) |
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What About Struggling Readers and Vocabulary Knowledge? |
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282 | (1) |
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What About Standards, Assessment, and Vocabulary Knowledge? |
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283 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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284 | (2) |
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286 | (40) |
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Scaffolding the Development and Use of Comprehension Strategies |
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289 | (12) |
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289 | (3) |
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Reciprocal Questioning (ReQuest) |
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292 | (1) |
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Question--Answer Relationships (QARs) |
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293 | (1) |
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Questioning the Author (QtA) |
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294 | (3) |
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297 | (3) |
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300 | (1) |
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Developing Readers' Awareness of Story Structure |
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301 | (11) |
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302 | (3) |
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Mapping a Story for Instructional Purposes |
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305 | (1) |
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Building a Schema for Stories |
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306 | (6) |
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Guiding Interactions Between Reader and Text |
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312 | (8) |
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Directed Reading--Thinking Activity |
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312 | (2) |
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KWL (What Do You Know? What Do You Want to Find Out? What Did You Learn?) |
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314 | (2) |
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316 | (2) |
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318 | (2) |
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Reading Comprehension and the Web |
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320 | (3) |
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What About Struggling Readers and Reading Comprehension? |
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321 | (1) |
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What About Standards, Assessment, and Reading Comprehension? |
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322 | (1) |
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323 | (1) |
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323 | (1) |
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324 | (2) |
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Meeting the Literacy Needs of Diverse Learners |
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326 | (38) |
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The Complexity of Diversity in Literacy Classrooms |
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330 | (1) |
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Linguistic Diversity in Literacy Classrooms |
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330 | (11) |
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Instructional Beliefs About Linguistic Diversity |
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332 | (1) |
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Instructional Principles for Students Speaking Diverse Languages and Dialects |
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333 | (2) |
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Instructional Strategies for Students Speaking Diverse Languages |
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335 | (5) |
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Dialects and Reading Strategies |
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340 | (1) |
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Cultural Diversity in Literacy Classrooms |
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341 | (9) |
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Instructional Beliefs About Cultural Diversity |
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342 | (1) |
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Instructional Principles for Students from Diverse Cultures |
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343 | (1) |
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Instructional Strategies for Culturally Diverse Students |
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343 | (7) |
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Academic and Cognitive Diversity in Literacy Classrooms |
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350 | (11) |
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Instructional Beliefs About Academic and Cognitive Diversity |
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351 | (2) |
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Instructional Principles for Academic and Cognitive Diversity |
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353 | (1) |
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Instructional Strategies for Students with Diverse Academic and Cognitive Abilities |
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354 | (4) |
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Instructional Programs for Students with Diverse Academic and Cognitive Abilities |
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358 | (2) |
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What About Struggling Readers and Their Diverse Academic and Cognitive Needs? |
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360 | (1) |
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What About Standards, Assessment, and Diversity? |
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361 | (1) |
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361 | (1) |
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362 | (1) |
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363 | (1) |
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Reading-Writing Connections |
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364 | (40) |
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Relationships Between Reading and Writing |
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366 | (3) |
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Creating Environments for Reading and Writing |
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369 | (2) |
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Connecting Reading and Writing |
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371 | (12) |
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Using Journals (and E-Mail Correspondence) for Written Conversation |
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373 | (4) |
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Using Journals to Explore Texts |
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377 | (6) |
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Establishing a Predictable Structure for Writing |
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383 | (12) |
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Organizing the Writing Workshop |
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384 | (1) |
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Guiding Writing (and Observing Reading) |
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385 | (10) |
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Reading-Writing-Technology Connections |
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395 | (4) |
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395 | (2) |
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Desktop Publishing and Multimedia Authoring |
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397 | (1) |
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What About Struggling Readers and Reading-Writing Connections? |
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398 | (1) |
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What About Standards, Assessment, and Reading--Writing Connections? |
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399 | (1) |
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399 | (1) |
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400 | (2) |
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402 | (2) |
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Bringing Children and Literature Together |
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404 | (36) |
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Supporting a Community of Readers |
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407 | (2) |
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Surrounding Children with Literature |
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409 | (13) |
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Selecting a Classroom Collection of Books |
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410 | (6) |
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416 | (3) |
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419 | (1) |
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Helping Children Select Books |
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420 | (2) |
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Organizing for Literature-Based Instruction |
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422 | (8) |
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422 | (2) |
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424 | (1) |
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424 | (1) |
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425 | (5) |
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Encouraging Responses to Literature |
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430 | (7) |
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Sparking Discussion with Book Talks |
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431 | (1) |
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Engaging in Free Response |
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432 | (1) |
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Exploring Response Options in Literature Journals |
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433 | (3) |
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What About Struggling Readers and Literature? |
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436 | (1) |
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What About Standards Assessment and Literature? |
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437 | (1) |
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437 | (1) |
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438 | (1) |
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439 | (1) |
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Basal Readers and Instructional Materials |
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440 | (34) |
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443 | (11) |
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443 | (11) |
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Characteristics of Basal Readers |
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454 | (6) |
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454 | (1) |
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454 | (1) |
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455 | (1) |
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455 | (1) |
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456 | (1) |
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456 | (4) |
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Making Instructional Decisions |
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460 | (3) |
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461 | (2) |
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463 | (9) |
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464 | (1) |
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Beliefs About Reading and Instructional Materials |
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465 | (2) |
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Selecting Reading Materials |
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467 | (1) |
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Evaluating Reading Materials |
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468 | (3) |
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What About Struggling Readers and the Basal Reader? |
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471 | (1) |
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What About Standards, Assessment, and the Basal Reader? |
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471 | (1) |
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472 | (1) |
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473 | (1) |
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473 | (1) |
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Making the Transition to Content Area Texts |
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474 | (38) |
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Why Are Content Area Textbooks Difficult? |
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477 | (5) |
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Factors in Judging the Difficulty of Textbooks |
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477 | (3) |
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480 | (2) |
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Using Literature and Nonfiction Trade Books Across the Curriculum |
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482 | (11) |
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Some Uses and Benefits of Literature and Nonfiction Trade Books |
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482 | (4) |
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Planning to Use Literature and Informational Text in Content Area Learning |
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486 | (2) |
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Additional Considerations for Implementing Literature and Informational Text in the Content Areas |
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488 | (3) |
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Learning with Electronic Texts |
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491 | (2) |
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Strategies Before Reading |
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493 | (6) |
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493 | (2) |
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495 | (2) |
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497 | (1) |
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498 | (1) |
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Extending Content Learning Through Reading and Writing |
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499 | (10) |
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499 | (2) |
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501 | (2) |
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503 | (3) |
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506 | (1) |
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What About Struggling Readers and Content Area Texts? |
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|
507 | (1) |
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What About Standards, Assessment, and Content Area Texts? |
|
|
508 | (1) |
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|
509 | (1) |
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|
510 | (1) |
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|
510 | (2) |
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Managing and Organizing an Effective Classroom |
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512 | (29) |
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515 | (5) |
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Classroom Teachers of Reading |
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|
515 | (3) |
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Collaborative and Cooperative Learning |
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|
518 | (2) |
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Individualizing Instruction |
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|
520 | (3) |
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What Is Individualized Instruction in Reading? |
|
|
521 | (1) |
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Influences of Individualized Instruction |
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|
521 | (2) |
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Putting It All Together: Organizing a Classroom Community |
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|
523 | (15) |
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|
524 | (1) |
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Creating a Physical Environment |
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|
525 | (9) |
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Technology in the Literate Classroom |
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|
534 | (1) |
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Technology-Based Instructional Considerations |
|
|
535 | (2) |
|
What About Struggling Readers and Managing and Organizing an Effective Classroom? |
|
|
537 | (1) |
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What About Standards, Assessment, and Managing and Organizing an Effective Classroom? |
|
|
538 | (1) |
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|
538 | (1) |
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|
539 | (1) |
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|
539 | (2) |
Appendix A Beliefs About Reading Interview |
|
541 | (6) |
Appendix B The DeFord Theoretical Orientation to Reading Profile (TORP) |
|
547 | (4) |
Appendix C Reading and Writing Accomplishments of Young Children by Grade Level |
|
551 | (6) |
Appendix D Trade Books That Repeat Phonic Elements |
|
557 | (4) |
Appendix E Annotated Bibliography of Read-Aloud Books for Developing Phonemic Awareness |
|
561 | (6) |
Appendix F Recommended Books for Multicultural Reading Experiences |
|
567 | (12) |
Appendix G International Reading Association Standards for Reading Professionals |
|
579 | (2) |
Glossary |
|
581 | (8) |
References |
|
589 | (20) |
Name Index |
|
609 | (5) |
Subject Index |
|
614 | |