Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics,9780471862567

Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics

by
Edition: 2nd
ISBN13: 9780471862567
ISBN10: 0471862568
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 1991-01-16
Publisher(s): Wiley
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Summary

The only text to cover both thermodynamic and statistical mechanics--allowing students to fully master thermodynamics at the macroscopic level. Presents essential ideas on critical phenomena developed over the last decade in simple, qualitative terms. This new edition maintains the simple structure of the first and puts new emphasis on pedagogical considerations. Thermostatistics is incorporated into the text without eclipsing macroscopic thermodynamics, and is integrated into the conceptual framework of physical theory.

Author Biography

Herbert Bernard Callen was an American physicist best known as the author of the textbook Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics, the most frequently cited thermodynamic reference in physics research literature.

Table of Contents

PART I GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CLASSICAL THERMODYNAMICS 1(472)
Introduction The Nature of Themodynamics and the Basis of Thermostatistics
2(3)
The Problem and the Postulates
5(30)
The Temporal Nature of Macroscopic Measurements
5(1)
The Spatial Nature of Macrosscopic Measurements
6(3)
The Composition of Thermodynamic Systems
9(2)
The Internal Energy
11(2)
Thermodynamic Equilibrium
13(2)
Walls and Constraints
15(1)
Measurability of the Energy
16(2)
Quantitative Definition of Heat---Units
18(7)
The Basic Problem of Thermodynamics
25(2)
The Entropy Maximum Postulates
27(8)
The Conditions of Equilibrium
35(24)
Intensive Parameters
35(2)
Equations of State
37(3)
Entropic Intensive Parameters
40(3)
Thermal Equilibrium---Temperature
43(2)
Agreement with Intuitive Concept of Temperature
45(1)
Temperature Units
46(3)
Mechanical Equilibrium
49(5)
Equilibrium with Respect to Matter Flow
54(2)
Chemical Equilibrium
56(3)
Some Formal Relationships, and Sample Systems
59(32)
The Euler Equation
59(1)
The Gibbs--Duhem Relation
60(3)
Summary of Formal Structure
63(3)
The Simple Ideal Gas and Multicomponent Simple Ideal Gases
66(8)
The ``Ideal van der Waals Fluid''
74(4)
Electromagnetic Radiation
78(2)
The ``Rubber Band''
80(1)
Unconstrainable Variables; Magnetic Systems
81(3)
Molar Heat Capacity and Other Derivatives
84(7)
Reversible Processes and the Maximum Work Theorem
91(40)
Possible and Impossible Processes
91(4)
Quasi-Static and Reversible Processes
95(4)
Relaxation Times and Irreversibility
99(2)
Heat Flow: Coupled Systems and Reversal of Processes
101(2)
The Maximum Work Theorem
103(10)
Coefficients of Engine, Refrigerator, and Heat Pump Performance
113(5)
The Carnot Cycle
118(5)
Measurability of the Temperature and of the Entropy
123(2)
Other Criteria of Engine Performance; Power Output and ``Endoreversible Engines''
125(3)
Other Cyclic Processes
128(3)
Alternative Formulations and Legendre Transformations
131(22)
The Energy Minimum Principle
131(6)
Legendre Transformations
137(9)
Thermodynamic Potentials
146(5)
Generalized Massieu Functions
151(2)
The Extremum Principle in the Legendre Transformed Representations
153(28)
The Minimum Principles for the Potentials
153(4)
The Helmholtz Potential
157(3)
The Enthalpy; The Joule--Thomson or ``Throttling'' Process
160(7)
The Gibbs Potential; Chemical Reactions
167(5)
Other Potentials
172(1)
Compilations of Empirical Data; The Enthalpy of Formation
173(6)
The Maximum Principles for the Massieu Functions
179(2)
Maxwell Relations
181(22)
The Maxwell Relations
181(2)
A Thermodynamic Mnemonic Diagram
183(3)
A Procedure for the Reduction of Derivatives in Single-Component Systems
186(4)
Some Simple Applications
190(9)
Generalizations: Magnetic Systems
199(4)
Stability of Thermodynamic Systems
203(12)
Intrinsic Stability of Thermodynamic Systems
203(4)
Stability Conditions for Thermodynamics Potentials
207(2)
Physical Consequences of Stability
209(1)
Le Chatelier's Principle; The Qualitative Effect of Fluctuations
210(2)
The Le Chatelier-Braun Principle
212(3)
First-Order Phase Transitions
215(40)
First-Order Phase Transitions in Single-Component Systems
215(7)
The Discontinuity in the Entropy-Latent Heat
222(6)
The Slope of Coexistence Curves; the Clapeyron Equation
228(5)
Unstable Isotherms and First-Order Phase Transitions
233(10)
General Attributes of First-Order Phase Transitions
243(2)
First-Order Phase Transitions in Multicoponent Systems---Gibbs Phase Rule
245(3)
Phase Diagrams for Binary Systems
248(7)
Critical Phenomena
255(22)
Thermodynamics in the Neighborhood of the Critical Point
255(6)
Divergence and Stability
261(2)
Order Parameters and Critical Exponents
263(2)
Classical Theory in the Critical Region; Landau Theory
265(5)
Roots of the Critical Point Problem
270(2)
Scaling and Universality
272(5)
The Nernste Postulate
277(6)
Nernst's Postulate, and the Principle of Tomsen and Bertholot
277(3)
Heat Capacities and Other Derivatives at Low Temperatures
280(1)
The ``Unattainability'' of Zero Temperature
281(2)
Summary of Principles for General Systems
283(6)
General Systems
283(1)
The Postulates
283(1)
The Intensive Parameters
284(1)
Legendre Transforms
285(1)
Maxwell Relations
285(1)
Stability and Phase Transitions
286(1)
Critical Phenomena
287(1)
Properties at Zero Temperature
287(2)
Properties of Materials
289(18)
The General Ideal Gas
289(3)
Chemical Reactions in Ideal Gases
292(5)
Small Deviations from ``Ideality''---The Virial Expansion
297(2)
The ``Law of Corresponding States'' for Gases
299(3)
Dilute Solutions: Osmotic Pressure and Vapor Pressure
302(3)
Solid Systems
305(2)
Irreversible Thermodynamics
307(22)
General Remarks
307(1)
Affinities and Fluxes
308(4)
Purely-Resistive and Linear Systems
312(2)
The Theoretical Basis of the Onsager Reciprocity
314(2)
Thermoelectric Effects
316(3)
The Conductivities
319(1)
the Seebeck Effect and the Thermoelectric Power
320(3)
The Peltier Effect
323(1)
The Thomsen Effect
324(5)
PART II STATISTICAL MECHANICS
Statistical Mechanics in the Entropy Representation: The Microcanonical Formalism
329(20)
Physical Significance of the Entropy for Closed Systems
329(4)
The Einstein Model of a Crystalline Solid
333(4)
The Two-State System
337(2)
A Polymer Model---The Rubber Band Revisited
339(4)
Counting Techniques and their Circumvention; High Dimensionality
343(6)
The Canonical Formalism; Statistical Mechanics in Helmholtz Representation
349(30)
The Probability Distribution
349(4)
Additive Energies and Factorizability of the Partition Sum
353(2)
Internal Modes in a Gas
355(3)
Probabilities in Factorizable Systems
358(2)
Statistical Mechanics of Small Systems: Ensembles
360(2)
Density of States and Density-of-Orbital States
362(2)
The Debye Model of Non-metallic Crystals
364(4)
Electromagnetic Radiation
368(2)
The Classical Density of States
370(2)
The Classical Ideal Gas
372(3)
High Temperature Properties---The Equipartition Theorem
375(4)
Entropy and Disorder; Generalized Canonical Formulations
379(14)
Entropy as a Measure of Disorder
379(3)
Distributions of Maximal Disorder
382(3)
The Grand Canonical Formalism
385(8)
Quantum Fluids
393(30)
Quantum Particles; A ``Fermion Pre-Gas Model''
393(6)
The Ideal Fermi Fluid
399(3)
The Classical Limit and the Quantum Criteria
402(3)
The Strong Quantum Regime; Electrons in a Metal
405(5)
The Ideal Bose Fluid
410(2)
Non-Conserved Ideal Bose Fluids; Electromagnetic Radiation Revisited
412(1)
Bose Condensation
413(10)
Fluctuations
423(10)
The Probability Distribution of Fluctuations
423(1)
Moments and The Energy Fluctuations
424(2)
General Moments and Correlation Moments
426(7)
Variational Properties, Perturbation Expansions, and Mean Field Theory
433(22)
The Bogoliubov Variational Theorem
433(1)
Mean Field Theory
433(16)
Mean Field Theory in Generalized Representation; the Binary Alloy
449(6)
PART III FOUNDATIONS
Postlude: Symmetry and the Conceptual Foundations of Thermostatistics
455(18)
Statistics
455(3)
Symmetry
458(2)
Noether's Theorem
460(1)
Energy, Momentum and Angular Momentum; the Generalized ``First Law'' of Thermodynamics
461(1)
Broken Symmetry and Goldstone's Theorem
462(3)
Other Broken Symmetry Coordinates---Electric and Magnetic Moments
465(1)
Mole Numbers and Gauge Sysmmetry
466(1)
Time Reversal, the Equal Probability of Microstates, and the Entropy Principle
467(2)
Symmetry and Completeness
469(4)
APPENDIX A SOME RELATIONS INVOLVING PARTIAL DERIVATIVES 473(6)
A.1 Partial Derivatives
473(1)
A.2 Taylor's Expansion
474(1)
A.3 Differentials
475(1)
A.4 Composite Functions
475(1)
A.5 Implicit Functions
476(3)
APPENDIX B MAGNETIC SYSTEMS 479(6)
General References 485(2)
Index 487

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