Introduction |
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1 | (2) |
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General Technical Reference |
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3 | (20) |
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PC Subsystem Components Quick Reference |
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3 | (3) |
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The Motherboard and Its Components |
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6 | (1) |
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Understanding Bits and Bytes |
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7 | (1) |
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Standard Capacity Abbreviations and Meanings |
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7 | (1) |
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Glossary of Essential Terms |
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8 | (6) |
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Hexadecimal/ASCII Conversions |
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14 | (7) |
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Windows Release/Version Numbers |
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21 | (2) |
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System Components and Configuration |
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23 | (50) |
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Processors and Their Data Bus Widths |
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23 | (1) |
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Differences Between PC/XT and AT Systems |
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24 | (1) |
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Intel and Compatible Processor Specifications |
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25 | (6) |
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Troubleshooting Processor Problems |
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31 | (2) |
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33 | (3) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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Which Motherboard Is Which? |
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36 | (1) |
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PC99 Color-Coding for Ports |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (7) |
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LPX Versus ATX Power Supplies |
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38 | (1) |
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Power Connectors for the Drive(s) |
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39 | (1) |
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ATX Power Supply Connectors |
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40 | (2) |
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Dell Proprietary ATX Main and Auxiliary Power Connectors |
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42 | (1) |
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Quick-Reference Chart for Troubleshooting Power Supplies |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (11) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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Parity Versus Nonparity Memory |
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47 | (1) |
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Requirements for ECC Memory Use |
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48 | (1) |
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Using the ``Divide by 9'' Rule to Determine Parity Support |
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49 | (1) |
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Expanding Memory on a System |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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Memory Usage Within the System |
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50 | (1) |
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Hardware and Firmware Devices That Use Memory Addresses |
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51 | (3) |
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Using Memory Addresses Beyond 1MB (OFFFFF) |
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54 | (1) |
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Determining Memory Address Ranges in Use |
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54 | (1) |
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Other Add-On Card Configuration Issues |
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55 | (13) |
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56 | (2) |
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58 | (1) |
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Determining Actual IRQ and DMA Usage |
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58 | (2) |
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60 | (3) |
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Determining Actual I/O Address Ranges in Use |
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63 | (1) |
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Troubleshooting Add-On Card Resource Conflicts |
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63 | (5) |
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68 | (5) |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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Expansion Slot Comparison |
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70 | (3) |
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BIOS Configurations and Upgrades |
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73 | (26) |
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What the BIOS Is and What It Does |
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73 | (1) |
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When a BIOS Update Is Necessary |
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73 | (2) |
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Specific Tests to Determine Whether Your BIOS Needs an Update |
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74 | (1) |
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Fixing BIOS Limitations-BIOS Fixes and Alternatives |
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74 | (1) |
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How BIOS Updates Are Performed |
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75 | (1) |
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Where BIOS Updates Come From |
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75 | (1) |
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Precautions to Take Before Updating a BIOS |
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76 | (1) |
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How to Recover from a Failed BIOS Update Procedure |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (4) |
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PnP BIOS Configuration Options |
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79 | (2) |
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When to Use the PnP BIOS Configuration Options |
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81 | (1) |
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Other BIOS Troubleshooting Tips |
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82 | (1) |
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Soft BIOS CPU Speed and Multiplier Settings |
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83 | (1) |
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Determining Which BIOS You Have |
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83 | (1) |
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Determining the Motherboard Manufacturer for BIOS Upgrades |
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84 | (2) |
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Identifying Motherboards with AMI BIOS |
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84 | (2) |
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Identifying Motherboards with Award BIOS |
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86 | (1) |
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Identifying Motherboards with Phoenix or Microid Research BIOS |
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86 | (1) |
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Accessing the BIOS Setup Programs |
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86 | (1) |
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How the BIOS Reports Errors |
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87 | (5) |
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BIOS Beep Codes and Their Purposes |
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88 | (1) |
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AMI BIOS Beep Codes and Solutions |
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88 | (2) |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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IBM BIOS Beep and Alphanumeric Error Codes |
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91 | (1) |
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Microid Research Beep Codes |
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92 | (1) |
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Other BIOS and Motherboard Manufacturers' Beep and POST Codes |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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Interpreting Error Codes and Messages |
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93 | (1) |
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BIOS Configuration Worksheet |
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93 | (6) |
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SCSI and ATA Hard Drives and Optical Drives |
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99 | (56) |
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Understanding Hard Disk Terminology |
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99 | (2) |
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Heads, Sectors per Track, and Cylinders |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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IDE/ATA Hard Drive Identification |
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101 | (2) |
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101 | (2) |
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103 | (3) |
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ATA/IDE Drive Capacity Limits |
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104 | (1) |
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Breaking the 528MB Drive Barrier |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (8) |
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When LBA Mode Is Necessary-and When Not to Use It |
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107 | (1) |
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Problems with LBA Support in the BIOS |
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107 | (1) |
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Dangers of Altering Translation Settings |
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108 | (1) |
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Detecting Lack of LBA Mode Support in Your System |
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108 | (1) |
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Using FDISK to Determine Compatibility Problems Between the Hard Disk and the BIOS |
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109 | (2) |
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The BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive (EDD) Specification |
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111 | (1) |
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Getting LBA and BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive (EDD) Support for Your System |
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111 | (1) |
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Determining Whether Your System Supports EDD |
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112 | (1) |
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Drive Capacity Issues in Microsoft Windows 95 and 98 |
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113 | (1) |
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Sources for BIOS Upgrades and Alternatives for Large ATA Hard Disk Support |
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114 | (1) |
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Standard and Alternative Jumper Settings |
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115 | (1) |
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Improving Hard-Disk Speed |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (2) |
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UDMA/66 and UDMA/100 Issues |
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116 | (2) |
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Bus-Mastering Chipsets for ATA |
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118 | (2) |
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Benefits of Manual Drive Typing |
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120 | (1) |
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Troubleshooting ATA Installation |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (2) |
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SCSI Types and Data Transfer Rates |
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123 | (2) |
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Single-Ended Versus Differential SCSI |
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125 | (1) |
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Low-Voltage Differential Devices |
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125 | (1) |
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SCSI Drive and Device Configuration |
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126 | (2) |
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126 | (2) |
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128 | (1) |
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SCSI Configuration Troubleshooting |
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128 | (5) |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (2) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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Benefits of Hard-Disk Partitioning |
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136 | (3) |
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FAT32 Versus FAT16 Cluster Sizes |
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137 | (1) |
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Converting FAT16 Partition to FAT32 |
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137 | (1) |
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NTFS Considerations and Default Cluster Sizes |
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138 | (1) |
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How Disk Partitioning and the Operating System Create and Allocate Drive Letters |
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139 | (5) |
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Assigning Drive Letters with FDISK |
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140 | (2) |
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Differences Between FDISK and Disk Management |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (2) |
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Third-Party Hard-Disk Installation Programs |
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144 | (2) |
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Drive Migration Data-Transfer Methods |
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146 | (2) |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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Hard-Disk Drive Troubleshooting and Repair |
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148 | (2) |
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Drive and System Configuration Errors |
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149 | (1) |
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Optical Drive Interface Types |
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150 | (1) |
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MS-DOS Command-Line Access to CD-ROM Drives for Reloading Windows |
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150 | (2) |
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Troubleshooting Optical Drives |
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152 | (3) |
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152 | (1) |
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Failure Reading CD-R and CD-RW Disks in a CD-ROM or DVD-ROM Drive |
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152 | (1) |
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ATA/ATAPI CD-ROM Drive Runs Slowly |
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153 | (1) |
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Trouble Using Bootable CDs |
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154 | (1) |
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Floppy, Removable, Tape, and Flash Memory Storage |
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155 | (24) |
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155 | (9) |
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Where Floppy Drives Fail-and Simple Fixes |
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156 | (2) |
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Floppy Drive Hardware Resources and Potential Conflicts |
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158 | (1) |
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Disk Drive Power and Data Connectors |
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158 | (3) |
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Floppy Drive Troubleshooting |
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161 | (1) |
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Common Floppy Drive Error Messages-Causes and Solutions |
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162 | (2) |
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164 | (6) |
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Sources for ``Orphan'' Drive Media, Repairs, Drivers, and Support |
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168 | (1) |
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Troubleshooting Removable Media Drives |
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169 | (1) |
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Types of Flash Memory Devices |
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170 | (1) |
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Troubleshooting Flash Memory Devices |
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171 | (1) |
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Tape Backup Drives and Media |
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171 | (8) |
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Common Tape Backup Standards |
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171 | (1) |
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Travan Tape Drives and Media |
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172 | (1) |
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Beyond Travan-Larger Tape-Backup Devices |
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173 | (1) |
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Successful Tape Backup and Restore Procedures |
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174 | (1) |
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Tape Drive Troubleshooting |
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175 | (3) |
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178 | (1) |
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Serial and Parallel Ports and Devices |
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179 | (28) |
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Understanding Serial Ports |
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179 | (2) |
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179 | (2) |
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181 | (3) |
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181 | (2) |
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Identifying Your System UART |
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183 | (1) |
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High-Speed Serial Ports (ESP and Super ESP) |
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184 | (1) |
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Serial Port Configuration |
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184 | (3) |
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Avoiding Conflicts with Serial Ports |
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185 | (1) |
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Troubleshooting I/O Ports in Windows 9x/Me/2000/XP |
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186 | (1) |
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Advanced Diagnostics Using Loopback Testing |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (7) |
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187 | (1) |
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56Kbps and Older Modem Modulation Standards |
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187 | (1) |
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Upgrading from X2 or K56flex to V.90 with Flash Upgrades |
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188 | (2) |
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External Versus Internal Modems |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (2) |
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Pinouts for External Modem Cable (Nine-Pin at PC) |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (3) |
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Parallel Port Performance |
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194 | (1) |
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Parallel Port Configurations |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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Troubleshooting Parallel Ports and Devices |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (10) |
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Comparing Host-Based to PDL-Based Printers |
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199 | (1) |
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Printer Hardware Problems |
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200 | (2) |
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Printer Connection Problems |
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202 | (2) |
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Printer Driver and Application Problems |
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204 | (3) |
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USB and IEEE-1394 Ports and Devices |
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207 | (14) |
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207 | (8) |
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207 | (1) |
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Pinout for the USB Connector |
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207 | (1) |
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Typical USB Port Locations |
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208 | (1) |
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Adding USB Ports to Your Computer |
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208 | (1) |
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USB 1.x Versus Hi-Speed USB (USB 2.0) |
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208 | (3) |
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Prerequisites for Using USB Ports and Peripherals |
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211 | (1) |
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Using USB Hubs with Legacy (Serial, Parallel, and PS/2) Ports |
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212 | (1) |
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Online Sources for Additional USB Support |
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213 | (1) |
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Troubleshooting USB Ports |
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213 | (2) |
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215 | (6) |
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Adding IEEE-1394 Ports to Your Computer |
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216 | (1) |
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Current and Future Versions of IEEE-1394 |
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216 | (1) |
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Comparing IEEE-1394a and USB 1.1 /2.0 |
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217 | (1) |
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Troubleshooting IEEE-1394 Host Adapters and Devices |
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218 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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Online Sources for Additional IEEE-1394 Support |
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219 | (2) |
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Keyboards, Mice, and Input Devices |
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221 | (22) |
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221 | (1) |
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221 | (4) |
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Keyboard-Only Commands for Windows 9x/NT4/2000/Me with Any Keyboard |
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222 | (3) |
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225 | (2) |
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226 | (1) |
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Adjusting Keyboard Parameters in Windows |
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227 | (1) |
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Keyboard Layouts and Scan Codes |
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227 | (4) |
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231 | (1) |
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Keyboard Connector Signals |
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231 | (1) |
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USB Keyboard Requirements |
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232 | (1) |
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Keyboard Troubleshooting and Repair |
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233 | (1) |
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Keyboard Connector Voltage and Signal Specifications |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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Mice and Pointing Devices |
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235 | (4) |
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Mouse Motion-Detection Methods |
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235 | (1) |
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Pointing Device Interface Types |
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235 | (2) |
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237 | (1) |
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Software Drivers for the Mouse |
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237 | (1) |
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Alternative Pointing Devices |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (4) |
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243 | (30) |
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243 | (2) |
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243 | (1) |
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Common Monitor Resolutions |
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244 | (1) |
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Monitor Power-Management Modes |
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245 | (1) |
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VGA Video Connector Pinouts |
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246 | (2) |
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VGA DB-15 Analog Connector Pinout |
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246 | (1) |
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Digital Visual Interface Pinouts |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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Memory, Resolution, and Color Depth |
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249 | (3) |
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Determining the Amount of RAM on Your Display Card |
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252 | (1) |
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Local-Bus Video Standards |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (2) |
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253 | (1) |
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Adjusting the Refresh Rate of the Video Card |
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254 | (1) |
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Comparing Video Cards with the Same Chipset |
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254 | (1) |
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Setting Up Multiple Monitor Support in Windows 98/Me/2000/XP |
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255 | (3) |
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System Configuration Issues for Multiple-Monitor Support |
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256 | (1) |
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Multiple-Head Video Cards |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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Troubleshooting Video Capture Devices |
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258 | (4) |
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Testing a Monitor with Common Applications |
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260 | (2) |
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262 | (3) |
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Connectors for Advanced Features |
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263 | (1) |
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Additional Equipment and Software |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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PCI Versus ISA Sound Cards |
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266 | (1) |
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Multifunction (Modem and Sound) Cards |
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267 | (1) |
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Troubleshooting Audio Hardware |
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267 | (6) |
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Hardware (Resource) Conflicts |
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267 | (1) |
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Detecting Resource Conflicts |
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267 | (3) |
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Most Common Causes of Hardware Conflicts with ISA Sound Card |
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270 | (1) |
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Other Sound Card Problems |
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270 | (3) |
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273 | (38) |
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Client/Server Versus Peer-to-Peer Networking |
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273 | (1) |
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Choosing Network Hardware and Software |
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274 | (5) |
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275 | (1) |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (2) |
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279 | (1) |
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279 | (1) |
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Selecting a Network Data-Link Protocol (Specification) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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Wire Pairing for Twisted-Pair Cabling |
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282 | (3) |
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Making Your Own UTP Cables |
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283 | (2) |
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Network Cabling Distance Limitations |
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285 | (1) |
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Specialized Network Options |
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286 | (5) |
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286 | (1) |
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Wireless Networking Standards |
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287 | (2) |
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Wireless Network Configuration and Selection Issues |
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289 | (1) |
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Calculating the Cost per User for Your Wireless Network |
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290 | (1) |
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TCP/IP Network Protocol Settings |
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291 | (4) |
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Configuring the Home Network |
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292 | (1) |
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292 | (1) |
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TCP/IP Protocol Worksheet |
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293 | (2) |
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295 | (3) |
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Troubleshooting Network Software Setup |
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295 | (1) |
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Troubleshooting Networks in Use |
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296 | (1) |
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297 | (1) |
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Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) |
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298 | (4) |
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299 | (3) |
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302 | (9) |
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303 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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Setting Up Direct Cable Connections |
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304 | (2) |
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306 | (1) |
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Troubleshooting Direct Cable Connections |
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306 | (5) |
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311 | (8) |
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311 | (1) |
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Hardware Tools and Their Uses |
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311 | (8) |
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Tools of the Trade--Drive Installation |
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313 | (1) |
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Tools of the Trade--Motherboard and Expansion Card Installation |
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314 | (1) |
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Tools of the Trade--External Device and Networking Installation |
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315 | (2) |
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Tools of the Trade--Data Transfer |
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317 | (1) |
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Tools of the Trade--Cleaning and Maintenance |
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317 | (2) |
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Connector Quick Reference |
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319 | (14) |
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319 | (5) |
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320 | (1) |
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321 | (2) |
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USB and IEEE-1394 (FireWire) |
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323 | (1) |
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324 | (1) |
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325 | (2) |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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327 | (2) |
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Sound Card Basic External Ports |
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327 | (2) |
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Sound Card Internal Connectors |
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329 | (1) |
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Network and Modem Ports and Cables |
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329 | (4) |
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329 | (1) |
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RJ-11 Port and Cable Connector |
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330 | (1) |
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330 | (3) |
Index |
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333 | |