WCDMA for UMTS: HSPA Evolution and LTE, 4th Edition
by Editor: Harri Holma (Nokia, Finland); Co-Editor: Antti Toskala (Nokia, Finland)Edition: 4th
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2007-11-01
Publisher(s): WILEY
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Summary
Written by the leading experts in the field, the best selling book on UMTS is now updated to cover 3GPP High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) evolution (HSPA+) in Release 7 and on-going Long Term Evolution (LTE) activity for Release 8. These technologies enhance the capabilities of the existing WCDMA/HSPA networks to offer higher data rates beyond 100 Mbps. WCDMA for UMTS, Fourth Edition also covers 3GPP WCDMA Release 99, High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) in Release 5 and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) in Release 6, which are already deployed commercially. Multimedia Broadcast Multicast System (MBMS) is also described in detail. Key updates include: * Continues to provide both updated descriptions of the 3GPP standard as well as the latest end user and system performance estimates * Updated HSDPA and HSUPA, including link budgets and Iub dimensioning * Detailed MBMS description * 3GPP Release 7 HSPA evolution full description * 3GPP Release 8 LTE overall description and 3GPP schedule * Dedicated chapter on terminal design challenges for the new high speed radio technologies
Table of Contents
| Preface | |
| Acknowledgements | |
| Abbreviations | |
| Introduction | |
| WCDMA in Third-Generation Systems | |
| Spectrum Allocations for Third-Generation Systems | |
| Requirements for Third-Generation Systems | |
| WCDMA and its Evolution | |
| System Evolution | |
| References | |
| UMTS Services | |
| Introduction | |
| Person-to-Person Circuit Switched Services | |
| AMR-NB and AMR-WB Speech Services | |
| Video Telephony | |
| Person-to-Person Packet Switched Services | |
| Messaging | |
| Push-to-Talk over Cellular | |
| Voice over IP | |
| Multiplayer Games | |
| Content-to-Person Services | |
| Browsing | |
| Audio and Video Streaming | |
| Content Download | |
| Business Connectivity | |
| Location Services | |
| Cell-Coverage-Based Location Calculation | |
| Assisted GPS | |
| QoS Differentiation | |
| Capacity and Cost of Service Delivery | |
| Capacity per Subscriber | |
| Cost of Voice and Data Delivery | |
| Summary | |
| References | |
| Introduction to WCDMA | |
| Introduction | |
| Summary of the Main Parameters in WCDMA | |
| Spreading and Despreading | |
| Multipath Radio Channels and Rake Reception | |
| Power Control | |
| Softer and Soft Handovers | |
| References | |
| Background and Standardisation of WCDMA | |
| Introduction | |
| Background in Europe | |
| Wideband CDMA | |
| Wideband TDMA | |
| Wideband TDMA/CDMA | |
| OFDMA | |
| ODMA | |
| ETSI Selection | |
| Background in Japan | |
| Background in Korea | |
| Background in the United States | |
| W-CDMA N/A | |
| UWC-136 | |
| cdma2000 | |
| TR46.1 | |
| WP-CDMA | |
| Creation of 3GPP | |
| How does 3GPP Operate? | |
| Creation of 3GPP2 | |
| Harmonisation Phase | |
| IMT-2000 Process in ITU | |
| Beyond 3GPP Release 99 | |
| References | |
| Radio Access Network Architecture | |
| System Architecture | |
| UTRAN Architecture | |
| The Radio Network Controller | |
| The Node B | |
| General Protocol Model for UTRAN Terrestrial Interfaces | |
| General | |
| Horizontal Layers | |
| Vertical Planes | |
| Iu, the UTRAN-CN Interface | |
| Protocol Structure for Iu CS | |
| Protocol Structure for Iu PS | |
| RANAP Protocol | |
| Iu User Plane Protocol | |
| Protocol Structure of Iu BC, and the Service Area Broadcast Protocol | |
| UTRAN Internal Interfaces | |
| RNC-RNC Interface | |
| RNC-Node B Interface and the NBAP Signalling | |
| UTRAN Enhancements and Evolution | |
| IP Transport in UTRAN | |
| Iu Flex | |
| Stand-Alone SMLC and Iupc Interface | |
| Interworking Between GERAN and UTRAN, and the Iur-g Interface | |
| IP-Based RAN Architecture | |
| UMTS CN Architecture and Evolution | |
| Release 99 CN Elements | |
| Release 5 CN and IP Multimedia Subsystem | |
| References | |
| Physical Layer | |
| Introduction | |
| Transport Channels and their Mapping to the Physical Channels | |
| Dedicated Transport Channel | |
| Common Transport Channels | |
| Mapping of Transport Channels onto the Physical Channels | |
| Frame Structure of Transport Channels | |
| Spreading and Modulation | |
| Scrambling | |
| Channelisation Codes | |
| Uplink Spreading and Modulation | |
| Downlink Spreading and Modulation | |
| Transmitter Characteristics | |
| User Data Transmission | |
| Uplink Dedicated Channel | |
| Uplink Multiplexing | |
| User Data Transmission with the Random Access Channel | |
| Uplink Common Packet Channel | |
| Downlink Dedicated Channel | |
| Downlink Multiplexing | |
| Downlink Shared Channel | |
| Forward Access Channel for User Data Transmission | |
| Channel Coding for User Data | |
| Coding for TFCI Information | |
| Signalling | |
| Common Pilot Channel (CPICH | |
| Synchronisation Channel (SCH | |
| Primary Common Control Physical Channel | |
| Secondary Common Control Physical Channel | |
| Random Access Channel (RACH) for Signalling Transmission | |
| Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH | |
| Paging Indicator Channel (PICH | |
| Physical Layer Procedures | |
| Fast Closed-Loop Power Control Procedure | |
| Open-Loop Power Control | |
| Paging Procedure | |
| RACH Procedure | |
| Cell Search Procedure | |
| Transmit Diversity Procedure | |
| Handover Measurements Procedure | |
| Compressed Mode Measurement Procedure | |
| Other Measurements | |
| Operation with Adaptive Antennas | |
| Site Selection Diversity Transmission | |
| Terminal Radio Access Capabilities | |
| Conclusions | |
| References | |
| Radio Interface Protocols | |
| Introduction | |
| Protocol Architecture | |
| The Medium Access Control Protocol | |
| MAC Layer Architecture | |
| MAC Functions | |
| Logical Channels | |
| Mapping Between Logical Channels and Transport Channels | |
| Example Data Flow Through the MAC Layer | |
| The Radio Link Control Protocol | |
| RLC Layer Architecture | |
| RLC Functions | |
| Example Data Flow Through the RLC Layer | |
| The Packet Data Convergence Protocol | |
| PDCP Layer Architecture | |
| PDCP Functions | |
| The Broadcast/Multicast Control Protocol | |
| BMC Layer Architecture | |
| BMC Functions | |
| Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service | |
| The Radio Resource Control Protocol | |
| RRC Layer Logical Architecture | |
| RRC Service States | |
| RRC Functions and Signalling Procedures | |
| Early UE Handling Principles | |
| Improvements for Call Setup Time Reduction | |
| References | |
| Radio Network Planning | |
| Introduction | |
| Dimensioning | |
| Radio Link Budgets | |
| Load Factors | |
| Capacity Upgrade Paths | |
| Capacity per km2 | |
| Soft Capacity | |
| Network Sharing | |
| Capacity and Coverage Planning and Optimisation | |
| Iterative Capacity and Coverage Prediction | |
| Planning Tool | |
| Case Study | |
| Network Optimisation | |
| GSM Co-planning | |
| Inter-operator Interference | |
| Introduction | |
| Uplink versus Downlink Effects | |
| Local Downlink Interference | |
| Average Downlink Interference | |
| Path Loss Measurements | |
| Solutions to Avoid Adjacent Channel Interference | |
| WCDMA Frequency Variants | |
| UMTS Refarming to GSM900 Band | |
| 3GPP Blocking Requirements | |
| Uncoordinated GSM900 þ UMTS900 | |
| Coordinated GSM900 þ UMTS900 | |
| Remaining GSM900 Voice Capacity | |
| References | |
| Radio Resource Management | |
| Interference-Based Radio Resource Management | |
| Power Control | |
| Fast Power Control | |
| Outer Loop Power Control | |
| Handovers | |
| Intra-frequency Handovers | |
| Inter-system Handovers between WCDMA and GSM | |
| Inter-frequency Handovers within WCDMA | |
| Summary of Handovers | |
| Measurement of Air Interface Load | |
| Uplink Load | |
| Downlink Load | |
| Admission Control | |
| Admission Control Principle | |
| Wideband Power-based Admission Control Strategy | |
| Throughput-Based Admission Control Strategy | |
| Load Control | |
| References | |
| Packet Scheduling | |
| Transmission Control Protocol (TCP | |
| Round Trip Time | |
| User-specific Packet Scheduling | |
| Common Channels (RACH/FACH | |
| Dedicated Channel (DCH | |
| Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH | |
| Uplink Common Packet Channel (CPCH | |
| Selection of Transport Channel | |
| Paging Channel States | |
| Cell-specific Packet Scheduling | |
| Priorities | |
| Scheduling Algorithms | |
| Packet Scheduler in Soft Handover | |
| Packet Data System Performance | |
| Link Level Performance | |
| System Level Performance | |
| Packet Data Application Performance | |
| Introduction to Application Performance | |
| Person-to-person Applications | |
| Content-to-person Applications | |
| Business Connectivity | |
| Conclusions on Application Performance | |
| References | |
| Physical Layer Performance | |
| Introduction | |
| Cell Coverage | |
| Uplink Coverage | |
| Downlink Coverage | |
| Downlink Cell Capacity | |
| Downlink Orthogonal Codes | |
| Downlink Transmit Diversity | |
| Downlink Voice Capacity | |
| Capacity Trials | |
| Single Cell Capacity Trials | |
| Multicell Capacity Trials | |
| Summary | |
| 3GPP Performance Requirements | |
| Eb=N0 Performance | |
| RF Noise Figure | |
| Performance Enhancements | |
| Smart Antenna Solutions | |
| Multiuser Detection | |
| References | |
| High-Speed Downlink Packet Access | |
| Release 99 WCDMA Downlink Packet Data Capabilities | |
| HSDPA Concept | |
| HSDPA Impact on Radio Access Network Architecture | |
| Release 4 HSDPA Feasibility Study Phase | |
| HSDPA Physical Layer Structure | |
| High-Speed Downlink Shared Channel (HS-DSCH | |
| High-speed Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH | |
| Uplink High-speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel (HS-DPCCH | |
| HSDPA Physical Layer Operation Procedure | |
| HSDPA Terminal Capability and Achievable Data Rates | |
| Mobility with HSDPA | |
| Measurement Event for Best Serving HS-DSCH Cell | |
| Intra-Node B HS-DSCH to HS-DSCH Handover | |
| Inter-Node-Node B HS-DSCH to HS-DSCH Handover | |
| HS-DSCH to DCH Handover | |
| HSDPA Performance | |
| Factors Governing Performance | |
| Spectral Efficiency, Code Efficiency and Dynamic Range | |
| User Scheduling, Cell Throughput and Coverage | |
| HSDPA Network Performance with Mixed Non-HSDPA and HSDPA Terminals | |
| HSPA Link Budget | |
| HSDPA Iub Dimensioning | |
| HSPA Round-Trip Time | |
| Terminal Receiver Aspects | |
| Evolution in Release 6 | |
| Conclusions | |
| References | |
| High-Speed Uplink Packet Access | |
| Release 99 WCDMA Downlink Packet Data Capabilities | |
| HSUPA Concept | |
| HSUPA Impact on Radio Access Network Architecture | |
| HSUPA Iub operation | |
| HSUPA Feasibility Study Phase | |
| HSUPA Physical Layer Structure | |
| E-DCH and Related Control Channels | |
| Enhanced Dedicated Physical Data Channel (E-DPDCH | |
| Enhanced Dedicated Physical Control Channel (E-DPCCH | |
| E-DCH Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (E-HICH | |
| E-DCH Relative Grant Channel (E-RGCH | |
| E-DCH Absolute Grant Channel (E-AGCH | |
| HSUPA Physical Layer Operation Procedure | |
| HSUPA and HSDPA Simultaneous Operation | |
| HSUPA Terminal Capability | |
| HSUPA Performance | |
| Increased Data Rates | |
| Physical Layer Retransmission Combining | |
| Node B-Based Scheduling | |
| HSUPA Link Budget Impact | |
| Delay and QoS | |
| Overall Capacity | |
| Conclusions | |
| References | |
| Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service | |
| Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service Concept | |
| MBMS Impact on Network Architecture | |
| High-Level MBMS Procedures | |
| MBMS Radio Interface Channel Structure | |
| Logical Channels | |
| Transport Channels | |
| Physical Channels | |
| Point-to-Point and Point-to-Multipoint Connections | |
| Example Radio Interface Procedure During MBMS Session Start | |
| MBMS Terminal Capability | |
| Selective Combining and Soft Combining | |
| MBMS Performance | |
| The 3GPP Performance Requirements | |
| Simulated MBMS Cell Capacity | |
| Iub Transport Capacity | |
| MBMS Deployment and Use Cases | |
| Benchmarking of MBMS with DVB-H | |
| 3GPP MBMS Evolution in Release 7 | |
| Summary | |
| References | |
| High-Speed Packet Access Evolution (HSPA+) in 3GPP Release 7 | |
| Introduction | |
| Setup Time Reduction | |
| Peak Data Rate Increase with MIMO and 16QAM/64QAM | |
| Layer 2 Optimisation | |
| Throughput Evolution with Enhanced Terminals | |
| Mobile Power Consumption Reduction with Continuous Packet Connectivity | |
| Voice-over-IP (VoIP) Capacity Enhancements | |
| Flat Architecture | |
| Summary | |
| References | |
| UTRAN Long-Term Evolution | |
| Background | |
| Multiple Access and Architecture Decisions | |
| LTE Impact on Network Architecture | |
| LTE Multiple Access | |
| OFDMA Principles | |
| SC-FDMA Principles | |
| LTE Physical Layer Design and Parameters | |
| LTE Protocols | |
| Performance | |
| Peak Bit Rates | |
| Spectral Efficiency | |
| Link Budget and Coverage | |
| Summary | |
| References | |
| UTRA TDD Modes | |
| Introduction | |
| Time Division Duplex (TDD | |
| Differences in the Network-Level Architecture | |
| UTRA TDD Physical Layer | |
| Transport and Physical Channels | |
| Modulation and Spreading | |
| Physical Channel Structures, Slot and Frame Format | |
| UTRA TDD Physical Layer Procedures | |
| UTRA TDD Interference Evaluation | |
| TDD-TDD Interference | |
| TDD and FDD Coexistence | |
| Unlicensed TDD Operation | |
| Conclusions on UTRA TDD Interference | |
| HSDPA Operation with TDD | |
| Release 7 TDD Enhancements | |
| Concluding Remarks and Future Outlook on UTRA TDD | |
| References | |
| Terminal Radio-Frequency Design Challenges | |
| Introduction | |
| Transmitter Chain System Design Challenges | |
| The Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio/Power Consumption Trade-off | |
| Phase Discontinuity | |
| Receiver Chain Design Challenges | |
| UE Reference Sensitivity System Requirements | |
| Inter-Operator Interference | |
| Impact of RF Impairments on HSDPA System Performance | |
| Multi-Mode/Band Challenges | |
| From Mono-Mode/Mono-Band to Multi-Mode/Multi-Band and Diversity | |
| New Requirements due to Coexistence | |
| Front-End Integration Strategies and Design Trends | |
| Impact on Today's Architectures | |
| Conclusions | |
| References | |
| Index | |
| Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |
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