Design of Machine Elements,9780137261673

Design of Machine Elements

by ;
Edition: 7th
ISBN13: 9780137261673
ISBN10: 0137261675
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 1997-08-01
Publisher(s): Pearson College Div
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Summary

Appropriate for one or two term introductory Machine Design course in Mechanical Engineering Departments, or Mechanical Engineering Technology. Classic, comprehensive survey of machine elements and analytical design methods. Gives the tools and techniques necessary to facilitate design calculations for the most frequently encountered mechanical elements.

Table of Contents

PREFACE xv
INTRODUCTION 1(14)
I-1 Problem Solving and Design 1(2)
I-2 The Design Process 3(2)
I-3 Stages of Design 5(2)
I-4 Finding and Using Information in Design 7(2)
I-5 Recognized Standards for Design 9(2)
I-6 Computational Tools for Machine Design 11(3)
I-7 Conclusions 14(1)
References 14(1)
1 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
15(96)
1-1 Statical Equilibrium
17(1)
1-2 Engineering Materials
17(1)
1-3 Tension and Compression Stress
18(2)
1-4 Tension and Compression in SI Units
20(1)
1-5 Force and Mass
21(2)
1-6 Statically Indeterminate Problems in Tension and Compression
23(1)
1-7 Center of Gravity
24(1)
1-8 Bending of Beams
25(4)
1-9 Moment of Inertia
29(2)
1-10 Transfer Axis for Moment of Inertia
31(2)
1-11 Principle of Superposition
33(2)
1-12 Additional Beam Equations
35(1)
1-13 Deflection of Beams
36(7)
1-14 Effect of Ribs on Castings
43(2)
1-15 Shearing Stress
45(1)
1-16 Transverse Shearing Stress in Beams
46(4)
1-17 Shear and Bending Moment Diagrams
50(4)
1-18 Slender Compression Members of Columns
54(3)
1-19 Stresses in any Given Direction
57(2)
1-20 The Mohr Circle
59(4)
1-21 Stress Manipulation in Three Dimensions
63(8)
1-22 Stresses and Deformations in Two Directions
71(1)
1-23 Deflection of Beams from Shearing Stress
72(1)
1-24 Principle of St. Venant
73(1)
References
74(1)
Problems
75(36)
2 WORKING STRESSES AND FAILURE THEORIES
111(63)
2-1 Failure and Phenomenological Failure Theories
112(3)
2-2 Stress-Strain Diagrams
115(3)
2-3 Phenomenological Failure Theories Based on Stress
118(10)
2-4 Stress Concentration Caused by Sudden Change in Form
128(14)
2-5 Design for Cyclic Loading
142(14)
2-6 Conclusion
156(2)
References
158(1)
Problems
159(15)
3 DESIGN OF SHAFTS
174(68)
3-1 Torsion of Circular Shaft
175(6)
3-2 Power Transmitted
181(3)
3-3 Maximum Static Shearing Stress
184(1)
3-4 Design of Shafts for Fluctuating Loads
185(5)
3-5 Keys
190(4)
3-6 Stress Concentration
194(1)
3-7 Couplings
195(3)
3-8 Bending Loads in Two Planes
198(1)
3-9 Shaft on Three Supports
198(3)
3-10 Crankshafts
201(2)
3-11 Critical Speed of Rotating Shaft
203(2)
3-12 Deflection of Shaft on Nonuniform Diameter
205(2)
3-13 Slope of Shaft by Elastic Energy
207(1)
3-14 Torsion of Noncircular Shafts
208(2)
3-15 Torsion of Wide Rectangular Bar
210(1)
3-16 Torsion of Rectangular Bars--General Case
211(2)
3-17 Composite Sections
213(2)
3-18 Thin-Walled Tube
215(2)
3-19 Materials Used for Shafting
217(1)
References
218(1)
Problems
219(23)
4 SPRINGS
242(50)
4-1 Helical Springs
244(4)
4-2 Properties of Spring Materials
248(2)
4-3 Hot-Formed Springs
250(1)
4-4 Helical Spring of Minimum Volume of Material--Static Load
251(4)
4-5 Optimum Design of Helical Spring
255(3)
4-6 Fatigue of Springs
258(1)
4-7 Design for Fluctuating Loads
259(3)
4-8 Buckling of Compression Springs
262(1)
4-9 Vibration or Surging of Helical Springs
262(1)
4-10 Commercial Tolerances
263(1)
4-11 Effect of End Turns for Compression Springs
263(3)
4-12 Helical Extension Springs
266(1)
4-13 Helical Springs of Rectangular Wire
267(1)
4-14 Helical Springs with Torsional Loading
268(3)
4-15 Leaf Springs
271(3)
4-16 Energy Storage by Springs
274(1)
4-17 Belleville Springs
275(2)
4-18 Rubber Springs
277(7)
References
284(1)
Problems
284(8)
5 SCREWS
292(34)
5-1 Kinds of Threads
292(3)
5-2 Standardized Threads
295(2)
5-3 Unified Threads
297(1)
5-4 American National Threads
298(1)
5-5 Identification Symbols
299(1)
5-6 SI Threads
299(1)
5-7 Effects of Initial Stress
300(5)
5-8 Additional Design Considerations
305(1)
5-9 Power Screws
306(7)
5-10 Torque Required to Produce Desired Clamping Forces
313(1)
5-11 Friction of Screws
314(1)
5-12 Stress Concentration
314(1)
5-13 Locknuts
315(2)
5-14 Materials and Methods of Manufacture
317(1)
5-15 Stress Due to Impact Load
318(2)
5-16 Relaxation
320(1)
References
321(1)
Problems
321(5)
6 BELTS, CLUTCHES, BRAKES, AND CHAINS
326(46)
6-1 V-belts
327(2)
6-2 Center Distance for V-belt Drive
329(2)
6-3 Design of V-belts
331(3)
6-4 Other Types of Belts
334(1)
6-5 Disk or Plate Clutch
335(4)
6-6 Disk Brakes
339(1)
6-7 Cone Clutch
340(1)
6-8 Band Brake
341(3)
6-9 Block Brake with Short Shoe
344(1)
6-10 Pivoted Block Brake with Long Shoe
345(6)
6-11 Brake with Pivoted Symmetrical Shoe
351(2)
6-12 Lining Pressures
353(1)
6-13 Heating of Brakes
353(1)
6-14 Roller Chains
354(1)
6-15 Design Capacity of Roller Chains
355(4)
6-16 Galling of Roller Chains
359(1)
6-17 Polygonal Action
360(1)
6-18 Silent Chain
361(1)
References
361(1)
Problems
362(10)
7 WELDED AND RIVETED CONNECTIONS
372(43)
7-1 Fabrication by Welding
373(1)
7-2 Fusion Welding
374(1)
7-3 Strength of Fusion Welds
374(2)
7-4 Eccentrically Loaded Welds--Static Loads
376(6)
7-5 Stress Concentration in Welds
382(1)
7-6 Residual Stress--Weldability
383(1)
7-7 Welding Electrodes
384(1)
7-8 Design for Fluctuating Loads
385(2)
7-9 Resistance Welding
387(1)
7-10 Other Kinds of Welding
388(2)
7-11 Soldering and Brazing
390(2)
7-12 Furnace Brazing
392(1)
7-13 Riveted Joint with Central Load
392(2)
7-14 Stresses in Rivets
394(1)
7-15 Stresses in a Cylindrical Shell
394(3)
7-16 Riveted Joint with Eccentric Load
397(4)
7-17 Instantaneous Center of Rotation
401(2)
7-18 Adhesives
403(1)
References
404(1)
Problems
404(11)
8 LUBRICATION
415(46)
8-1 Viscosity and Newton's Law
417(6)
8-2 Petroff's Bearing Equation
423(5)
8-3 Load-Carrying Journal Bearing
428(1)
8-4 Load and Friction Curves for Journal Bearings
429(6)
8-5 Power Lost in Friction
435(1)
8-6 Power Lost by Self-Cooled Bearings
436(4)
8-7 Designing for Film Temperature and Minimum Film Thickness
440(1)
8-8 Viscosity Index
441(1)
8-9 The Zn P Curve
442(3)
8-10 Bearing Materials
445(3)
8-11 Bearing Loads
448(1)
8-12 Construction of Bearings
448(1)
8-13 Clearance and Oil Grooves
449(3)
8-14 Elastic Matching
452(1)
8-15 Dry Friction
452(2)
8-16 Boundary or Thin-Film Lubrication
454(1)
8-17 Mixed or Semifluid Lubrication
455(1)
References
455(1)
Problems
456(5)
9 BALL AND ROLLER BEARINGS
461(34)
9-1 Construction and Types of Ball Bearings
461(2)
9-2 Selection of Ball Bearings
463(4)
9-3 Effect of Axial Load
467(2)
9-4 Design for Variable Loading
469(4)
9-5 Static Capacity
473(1)
9-6 Design for Different Confidence Levels
473(1)
9-7 Friction and Lubrication of Ball Bearings
473(2)
9-8 Bearing Materials and Surface Finish
475(1)
9-9 Mounting of Ball Bearings
475(2)
9-10 Permissible Misalignment
477(1)
9-11 Unground Ball Bearings
478(1)
9-12 Relative Advantages of Rolling Element Bearings
479(1)
9-13 Roller Bearings
479(2)
9-14 Contact Stress between Spheres and Cylinders
481(7)
9-15 Elasto-Hydrodynamic Lubrication
488(1)
References
489(1)
Problems
490(5)
10 SPUR GEARS
495(77)
10-1 Introduction
497(1)
10-2 Velocity Law of Toothed Gearing
498(2)
10-3 Kinematics of Involute Gear Teeth
500(2)
10-4 Cycloidal Gear Teeth
502(1)
10-5 Pitches of Gear Teeth
502(3)
10-6 Gear Pitches in SI Units
505(2)
10-7 Standard Systems of Gearing
507(2)
10-8 Methods of Manufacture
509(3)
10-9 Backlash
512(1)
10-10 Gear Finishing Methods
513(1)
10-11 Load on Gear Tooth from Power Transmitted
514(3)
10-12 Determination of Bearing Loads
517(1)
10-13 Contact Ratio
518(2)
10-14 Undercutting in Gear Teeth
520(2)
10-15 Long and Short Addendum Gearing
522(3)
10-16 Speed Ratios of Gear Trains
525(3)
10-17 Internal or Annular Gears
528(1)
10-18 Dimensioning of Gears
529(1)
10-19 Materials for Gears
529(1)
10-20 Lubrication and Mounting of Gears
530(1)
10-21 Planetary Gear Trains
531(2)
10-22 Design of Gears to Prevent Failures
533(31)
References
564(1)
Problems
564(8)
11 HELICAL, BEVEL AND WORM GEARS
572(55)
11-1 Helical Gears
573(3)
11-2 The Geometry of Helical Gears
576(2)
11-3 Virtual Number of Teeth
578(1)
11-4 Center Distance of Mating Gears
578(3)
11-5 Contact Ratios for Helical Gears
581(1)
11-6 Tooth Loads of Helical Gears
581(1)
11-7 Design of Parallel Shaft Helical Gears to Prevent Failures
582(14)
11-8 Bevel Gears
596(2)
11-9 The Geometry of Bevel Gears
598(2)
11-10 Loads on Bevel Gears
600(1)
11-11 Design of Bevel Gears to Prevent Failures
600(9)
11-12 Worm Gears
609(2)
11-13 Geometric Relationships of Worm Gears
611(8)
11-14 Forces in Wormgear Sets
619(1)
11-15 Design of Wormgear Sets
620(4)
References
624(1)
Problems
624(3)
12 MISCELLANEOUS MACHINE ELEMENTS
627(67)
12-1 Stresses in a Thick Cylinder
627(3)
12-2 Shrink and Press Fit Stresses
630(3)
12-3 Stress Concentration Caused by Press Fit
633(3)
12-4 Stresses in Disk Flywheel
636(2)
12-5 Flywheel with Spokes and Rim
638(3)
12-6 Flywheel Requirements
641(3)
12-7 Impact of Elastic Bodies
644(1)
12-8 Impact Stresses by Energy Method
645(4)
12-9 Force Produced by Falling Weight
649(2)
12-10 Impact of Weight on Beam
651(1)
12-11 Gaskets and Seals
652(3)
12-12 Design of Gaskets for Static Loads
655(3)
12-13 Wire Rope
658(5)
12-14 Curved Beams
663(3)
12-15 Curved Beam of Rectangular Cross Section
666(3)
12-16 Curved Beam of Circular Cross Section
669(1)
12-17 Angular Deflection of Curved Bar
669(1)
12-18 Cams
670(3)
12-19 Plate Cam with Central Roller Follower
673(2)
12-20 Manufacture of Cam with Central Roller Follower
675(1)
12-21 Plate Cam with a Flat-Faced Follower
676(2)
12-22 Polydyne Cam
678(1)
12-23 Remarks on Cam Design
678(1)
12-24 Snap Rings
679(1)
12-25 Flat Plates
680(4)
References
684(1)
Problems
684(10)
13 PRINCIPLES OF FORM SYNTHESIS
694(18)
13-1 A Review of Stress Patterns in Machine Parts
694(4)
13-2 The Principles of Form Syntheisi
698(2)
13-3 Exceptions to the Form Synthesis Principles
700(1)
13-4 Design of Joints
701(8)
References
709(1)
Problems
709(3)
14 ENGINEERING MATERIALS
712(56)
14-1 The Tension Test
712(3)
14-2 Physical Constitution of Steel
715(2)
14-3 Types of Steel Used in Machine Construction
717(1)
14-4 Numbering Systems for Carbon and Alloy Steels
718(1)
14-5 Plain Carbon Steel
719(5)
14-6 Alloy Steels
724(2)
14-7 High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel, HSLA
726(1)
14-8 Cost of Steel
726(4)
14-9 Heat Treatment of Steel
730(2)
14-10 Residual Stresses from Heat Treatment
732(3)
14-11 Carburizing and Nitriding
735(1)
14-12 Flame Hardening
735(2)
14-13 Strain Hardening
737(1)
14-14 Hardness
738(2)
14-15 Machinability
740(1)
14-16 Grain Size
740(1)
14-17 Corrosion
741(1)
14-18 Prevention of Corrosion
742(2)
14-19 Stainless Steel
744(2)
14-20 Wear
746(1)
14-21 Short-Term Effects of High Temperatures
747(1)
14-22 Creep of Steel at High Temperature
748(2)
14-23 Cast Iron
750(3)
14-24 Malleable Iron Nodular Iron
753(1)
14-25 Cast Steel
754(2)
14-26 Tool Steel
756(1)
14-27 Aluminum Alloys
756(2)
14-28 Alloy and Temper Designations
758(1)
14-29 Composition and Mechanical Properties
759(1)
14-30 Magnesium Alloys
759(3)
14-31 Copper Alloys
762(1)
14-32 Alloys for Die Casting
762(5)
References
767(1)
APPENDIX SPREADSHEET MODULES 768(54)
INDEX 822

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